Module 3 Flashcards
In 1975, a postgraduate student of psychology at U.P., did a study on pagkalalaki (no equivalent in English, but approximately, it means ‘‘masculinity’’, ‘‘maleness’’, ‘‘manhood’’, or all of these) for a class under Enriquez
Carmen Santiago
Some loopholes of the Philippine Social Research
The lack of relevance of research topics to
the needs of the people being studied,
Inappropriateness of (Western) methods to the ways of the people,
Definitions based on Western theories,
Overemphasis on data rather than on the
process
significantly determines the quality of the data obtained in the research process.
level of interaction or relationship that
exists between the researcher and the
researched
Scale of the Researcher
Iskala ng Mananaliksik
Five guiding principles
level of interaction or relationship that
exists between the researcher and the
researched
participants should always be
treated by researchers as equal
welfare of the research participants
take precedence
the method to be used in a research should be chosen on the basis of appropriateness to the population
language of the people should be
the language of research at all times.
Scale of the Researcher
Iskala ng Mananaliksik
Scale of the Relationship or Interaction
between the Researcher and the Researchee
Iskala ng Pagtutunguhan ng Mananaliksik at Kalahok
These are methods used by the researcher in generating data that are tried and tested and are culturally sensitive and appropriate in doing research with Filipinos.
Scale of the Researcher
Iskala ng Mananaliksik
The level of interaction between the
researcher and the researchee significantly determines the quality of data obtained.
Scale of the Relationship or Interaction
between the Researcher and the Researchee
Iskala ng Pagtutunguhan ng Mananaliksik at Kalahok
Levels of Relationship
Ibang-tao category (outsider)
pakikitungo (amenities, civility)
pakikisalimuha (interaction)
pakikilahok (participation, joining)
pakikibagay (conforming)
pakikisama (adjusting, being along
with)
Levels of Relationship
Hindi ibang-tao category (one-of-
us)
pakikipagpalagayang-loob
(mutual trust)
pakikisangkot (active involvement)
pakikiisa (full trust)
serves to prepare the ground for actual
pakikisalamuha
recommended in studies involving people
who may distrust the researcher
does not involve any direct exchange or
contract with the people in the possible
areas of research.
PAALI-ALIGID
an approach characterized by groping,
searching, probing into an unsystematized mass of social and cultural data to be able to obtain order, meaning, and directions for research.
PAKAPA-KAPA
civility with
PAKIKITUNGO
participant observation
NAKIKIUGALING PAGMAMASID