Module 2 (B)

Question 1

the first psychologist to analyze this value by comparing it with American fatalism.

Answer 1

Bostrom (1968)

Question 2

published the Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values

Answer 2

Thomas Andres

Question 3

the Filipino attitude that makes him accept sufferings and problems, leaving everything to God; no direct translation

This attitude is a fatalistic resignation or withdrawal from an engagement or crisis or a shirking from personal responsibility

Answer 3

Bahala na

Question 4

Lagmay (1977) explained that bahala na is not ‘‘fatalism’’ but

Answer 4

determination and risk- taking

Question 5

When Filipinos utter the expression ‘‘Bahala na!’’ they are not leaving their fate to God and remaining passive. Rather

Answer 5

they are telling themselves that they are ready to face the difficult situation before them, and will do their best to achieve their objectives; the expression is a way of pumping courage into their system

Question 6

an American scholar, translated hiya as ‘‘shame’’.

Answer 6

Sibley (1965)

Question 7

saw hiya as ‘‘the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action.’

Answer 7

Lynch (1961)

Question 8

described hiya as ‘‘an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during fiestas in order to please their visitors, even to the extent of going into debt

Answer 8

Andres (1994)

Question 9

alerted us to the different meanings of the word hiya depending on its form – nakakahiya (embarrassing), napahiya (placed in an awkward position), ikinahiya (be embarrassed with someone)

Answer 9

Bonifacio (1976)

Question 10

expounded on affixation and hiya and showed the internal and external aspects of hiya.

Answer 10

Salazar (1981, 1985b)

Question 11

the more appropriate translation of hiya in English is not ‘‘shame’’ but

Answer 11

Sense of propriety

Question 12

Utang na loob was translated by this person as debt of gratitude’’

Answer 12

Kaut (1961)

Question 13

Andres (1994, pp. 190–191) defined it, following Kaut’s logic, as

Answer 13

the principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another

Question 14

took this interpretation further by claiming that the recipient of the favor is forced ‘‘to show his (sic) gratitude properly by returning the favor with interest.

Answer 14

Hollnsteiner (1961)

Question 15

Actually means gratitude/solidarity’’. It is not necessarily a burden as the word ‘‘debt’’ connotes

Answer 15

Utang na loob

Question 16

was identified by Lynch (1961, 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining ‘‘smooth interpersonal relations’’ by going along with the group or the majority decision, i.e., conformity

Answer 16

Pakikisama

Question 17

started unfolding the concept of kapwa (shared identity), which is at the core of Filipino social psychology, and which is at the heart of the structure of Filipino values.

Answer 17

Enriquez (1978, 1994)

Question 18

pakikipagkapwa which means

Answer 18

treating the other person as kapwa or fellow human being.

Question 19

a request to feel or to be sensitive to. It is a shared feeling, a kind of ‘‘emotional a priori’’; shared inner perception

Answer 19

Pakikiramdam

Question 20

Lagmay asked the staff who would like to teach psychology in Filipino.

Answer 20

U.P. Psychology faculty meeting in 1970

Question 21

responded to Lagmay’s call. Lagmay had always been supportive of a Filipino orientation in psychology.

Answer 21

Professors Fredegusto David and Amaryllis Torres

Question 22

Sikolohiyang Pilipino as a subject was instituted and offered at the undergraduate level for the first time. The U.P. was the first university to offer it.

Answer 22

1978

Question 23

The first faculty member to teach the course was

Answer 23

Jose Ma. Bartolome (Psychology 108)

Question 24

The first M.A. Psychology thesis in Filipino was written in 1972 by

Answer 24

Amelia Alfonso

Question 25

The first two dissertations, defended in May 1990, were by

Answer 25

Danilo Tuazon (on brain lateralization) and Grace Aguiling-Dalisay (on the concept of peace among children).

Question 26

the first to teach Philippine Psychology as a ‘‘special topics’’ course at the graduate level before it was formally instituted as a separate graduate course in 1978.

Answer 26

Alfredo Lagmay

Question 27

the first graduates to receive their Ph.D. with Philippine Psychology as the area of concentration.

Answer 27

1994 and 1996 respectively, Elizabeth Protacio-Marcelino and Sylvia Estrada Claudio

Question 28

Filipino Americans are not ‘‘Filipinos’’ since they are not legitimate culture bearers – they were born in the United States, do not share the Philippine cultural experience, and hardly speak any Philippine language;

Sikolohiyang Pilipino, according to him, should focus on the lived experiences of people immersed in Philippine life and culture.

Answer 28

Salazar (1991)

Question 29

labeled Salazar’s position as ‘‘reactionary ethnocentrism’’ which limits his views to the confines of national boundaries’’. He maintained that Filipino-Americans are Filipinos because some aspects of their identity and cultural experiences are still Filipino

Answer 29

Enriquez (1994)

Question 30

responded to these points in her Ph.D. dissertation on ethnicity and identity issues of second generation Filipino- Americans by stressing that indeed Filipino- Americans are not Filipino – they are both Filipino and American.

Answer 30

Protacio-Marcelino (1996)

Question 31

Sikolohiyang Pilipino is contributing to a truly universal psychology which is based on a new set of principles

Answer 31

Diversity and Equality