Module 3 Flashcards
What is the main 3 roles of the liver?
Extract glucose, synthesize it into glycogen, and do glycogenolysis when it is time.
The pancreas has 2 functions: exocrine and endocrine - compare those.
Exocrine: releasing things directly into the ducts
Endocrine: releasing insulin directly into the blood stream
Compare alpha and beta cells.
Alpha: secrete glucagon in response to low blood sugar
Beta: produce insulin in response to high blood sugar
What are the 2 roles of insulin?
Stimulates the uptake and utilization of glucose by cells
Stimulates the liver to store glucose as glycogen
What 3 things happen when there isn’t enough insulin?
Decrease glucose uptake, increase proteolysis and increase lipolysis
What are the 3 main metabolic complications from untreated/unmanaged diabetes?
Impaired insulin secretions = beta cell exhaustion
Insulin resistance = visceral fat
Increase glucose production = impaired suppression of the gluconeogenesis within the liver
Onset, peak, and duration of rapid acting insulin:
15 minutes
1 hour
2-4 hours
Onset, peak, and duration of short acting insulin:
30-60 minutes
2-6 hours
3-8 hours
Onset, peak, and duration of intermediate insulin:
2-4 hours
4-10 hours
10-20 hours
Onset, peak, and duration of long acting insulin:
70 minutes
None
24 hours
What is the somogyi effect?
When there is too much insulin (insulin overdose) it causes hypoglycemia and triggers counter-regulatory hormone mechanisms which cause hyperglycemia and ketosis
What is the dawn phenomenon?
Hyperglycemia in the morning due to natural hormonal release
What routes are available for glucagon?
SQ, IM, IV, PO
What is leptin responsible for?
Satiety
What is leptins relationship with obesity?
As fat increases = leptin increases
But can become leptin resistance
