Module 3 Flashcards
When Jose Rizal was set to face his execution, he left a dying wish to his family. What is it?
According to him, he should be buried in the earth, preferably in Paang Bundok (now North Cemetery) with a stone and a cross on top. His name, date of birth, and death must also be indicated. If possible, he requested for a fence that would mark his grave. He then stressed that no anniversary celebration must be conducted.
Did Rizal achieve his last will? If yes, how? If no, why?
- He preferred to be buried in Paang Bundok but he was buried first in Paco Cemetery and later transferred beneath his monument in Luneta on December 30, 1912.
- He requested a stone maker; instead, the nation granted him a grand stone monument. It is true that his final resting place is surrounded by fence, but such fence is not in a grave, but in a big park which became a tourist spot for travellers and meeting place for lovers.
- Most of all, the whole nation commemorates his death every year with full military honors.
Why did the Katipunan hang the portraits of Rizal on the walls during their meetings?
Andres Bonifacio made Rizal the honorary president of the secret society.
What are the two Rizals that appeared in the course of history?
- The first one is the Historic Rizal who lived and died in the 19th century Philippines. He is the Rizal born and raised in Calamba, Laguna, who studied at the Ateneo Municipal in Manila, travelled and studied abroad, published Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, founded the La Liga Filipina and the Martyr of Bagumbayan in 1896. He was the true person, the actual Rizal we can read in History books.
- The Symbolic Rizal is the “second” sRizal. He is the kind of Rizal we have today. He is the Rizal in Luneta, the Rizal in the one peso coin, the Rizal in postage stamps, the Rizal as Tagalog Christ, the Rizal as an icon of Rock, the Rizal in t-shirts, and the list goes on. This kind of Rizal has indeed become a text open to many meanings.
It is is making sense of the world and our lives.
Reading
What are the two types of text?
sign and symbol
It is a kind of text which represents a fixed reality and posits itself as a means of portraying that reality.
Sign
As in the words of Umberto Eco, a ______ is a “closed” text which implies that the freedom to create meaning is being monopolized.
Sign
As in the words of ___________, a sign is a “closed” text which implies that the freedom to create meaning is being monopolized.
Umberto Eco
For Roland Barthes, it is a readerly text, which can be understood as a kind of text whose meaning is predetermined; the reader is merely a site to receive information.
sign
For him, a sign is a readerly text, which can be understood as a kind of text whose meaning is predetermined; the reader is merely a site to receive information.
Roland Barthes
It can be a symbol which conveys meaning not only about itself but about cultural processes and relationships’ meaning, therefore that is not constant but constituted through a human agency.
Symbol
In the words of Umberto Eco, it is an “open” text which implies that any interpretation may be valid.
symbol
In the words of ________, a symbol is an “open” text which implies that any interpretation may be valid.
Umberto Eco
For Roland Barthes, it is a writerly text, meaning that the reader is in a position of control and takes an active role in the construction of meaning. The reader is turned into a writer.
symbol
