Lesson 2 Flashcards
It is an illustrious man, often of divine descent, or with distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, and fortitude in suffering , who is supposed to be exalted after death.
Hero
It was a normal warrior in the community.
Bayani, Bagani, Magani or Wani
What was the simple task of the Bayani, Bagani, Magani or Wani?
was based on the daily need of the village
What is pangangayaw?
the raiding of unallied territories
According to William Henry Scott,
Pangangayaw was done because of four
reasons:
- To secure resources
- To avenge a personal affront or family honor
- To fulfill mourning requirements
- For personal prominence or a mercenary reward
According to him, Pangangayaw was done because of four reasons.
William Henry Scott
What is the root word of Bayani?
Bayan
It is a person who leaves his/her town and then returns.
Bayani
What are the Iconic Physical Features of the Bayani?
- Tattoo
- Kris/Kampilan (weapon)
- Putong (head gear)
- Other garments colored red
It is a concept of cooperation in the Philippines.
Bayanihan
According to Boxer Codex (1950), it is a person with high status and dignity.
Bayani
According to him, Bayani is a person with high status and dignity.
Boxer Codex (1950)
According to Pedro Serrano Laktaw, it is a person who fears no one, courageous, firm, bold but quiet and calm.
Bayani
According to him, Bayani is a person who fears no one, courageous, firm, and bold but quiet and calm.
Pedro Serrano Laktaw
They introduced the image of saints of disciples.
Spaniards
It is the foundation of good qualities in life.
Vida Sancti (the lives of dead)
It is a textbook of faith.
Doctrina Christiana (Prayer and doctrine books)
What was present during American Imperialism?
- Soldiers
- Monument
- Threat of building a Rizal Cult
They are considered “Bagong Bayani” or new heroes.
Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW)
It means to prevail or triumph.
Mamayani
According to him, Bayani is a person who leaves his/her home and then returns.
Zeus Salazar
According to Zeus Salazar, it is a person who leaves his/her home and then returns.
Bayani
True or False. A Bayani always works alone.
False; a Bayani does not work alone, he or she always exerts efforts together with his/her comrades in the community
It is used as the protection of kaluluwa(soul).
tattoo
True or False. A Bayani is more often than to a true kawani or lingkod - bayan (community servant) who renders his or her helps to those in need in the community without counting the cost.
True
It is an ancient document about early Philippine societies.
Boxer Codex (1590)
What did the Spaniards introduce whom the Filipinos had to imitate in order to become good colonials.
image of obedience of saints and disciples
True or False. Hero-worshipping of American soldiers who died during the Philippine-American War (then dubbed as Philippine Insurrection) like Gen. Henry W. Lawton, Col. John M. Stotsenburg, and Col. Harry Egbert, was promoted through monuments and annual commemoration rituals to justify the need for American tutelage in the Philippines.
True
Another name for the Philippine-American War.
Philippine Insurrection
A hero is a social construct. Since that is the nature of the process, recognizing heroes is always subjective. To bridge the gap, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) released some of the criteria for recognizing heroes, through their Project Saysay. The criteria are listed below:
- the extent of a person’s sacrifice for the welfare of the country (Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965);
- the motive and methods employed in the attainment of the ideal (welfare of the country) (Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965);
- the moral character of the person concerned (Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965);
- the influence of the person concerned on his/her age and or the succeeding age (Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965);
- those who have a concept of nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for the nation’s freedom (Onofre D. Corpuz 1993);
- those who define and contribute to a system of life of freedom and order for a nation (Onofre D. Corpuz 1993);
- those who contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation (Onofre D. Corpuz 1993);
- a part of the people’s expression (Alfredo Lagmay 1995);
- person who thinks of the future, especially the future generations (Alfredo Lagmay 1995);
- the choice of a hero involves not only the recounting of an episode or events in history, but wof the entire
process that made this particular person a hero (Alfredo Lagmay 1995);
The Americans realizing the possibilities of a Rizal cult in their colonial agenda, seized the opportunity and made Rizal the “national” hero of the Philippines. Among the choices they had, three criteria were used in the selection:
1) a hero who is not violent and militant, and if possible preferred peaceful means like education; 2) a hero who had no qualms on American imperialism; and
3) a hero is already dead.
In 1901, ______________________________________, had appointed Rizal to embody the brand of nationalism propagated by the American colonial government.
William H. Taft, President of the Second Philippine Commission
When did William H. Taft appoint Rizal to embody the brand of nationalism?
1901
Three steps, instead, were made by the American colonial government to promote Rizal’s heroism, namely:
1) the creation of Rizal Province;
2) the erection of Rizal Monument;
3) the declaration of Rizal Day on December 30 as public holiday.
Since then, Rizal’s image as a hero of the Philippines has become a viable enterprise for stamp, chart, post-cards makers and other printed materials. This was heightened when in _______, the Rizal Law was conceived, since books, textbooks and modules were necessary for educational purposes.
1956
In 1995, the midst of the preparation of the nation for the upcoming centennial celebration of the Philippine Revolution and Philippine Independence Day, the National Heroes Committee created by President Fidel V. Ramos released a list of recommended national heroes. These were as follows:
- Jose Rizal
- Andres Bonifacio
- Emilio Aguinaldo
- Apolinario Mabini
- Marcelo H. del Pilar
- Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat
- Melchora Aquino
- Juan Luna
- Gabriela Silang
When did the National Heroes Committee created by President Fidel V. Ramos released a list of recommended national heroes?
1995
Who created the National Heroes Committee?
President V. Ramos
Today, there are four major national celebrations with Rizal as an important subject;
- June 12 (Independence Day),
- June 19 (Birth Anniversary),
- last week of August (National Heroes Week), and
- December 30 (Rizal Day).
