Module 3 Flashcards
True/False:
A major system of railways appeared in Texas before the 1850s.
False
True/False:
With the discovery of oil in the 1900s, coal usage decreased dramatically.
True
True/False:
Refrigerated railroad cars made Fort Worth a center for meat processing.
True
True/False:
Salt, iron, and coal mining became important industries in the late 1800s.
True
True/False:
Switchboards in Houston and Galveston led to statewide long-distance service.
False
Who fought unfair credit practices and monopolies?
Farmers’ Alliance
What is the national political reform movement that sought to prevent unfair business practices?
Progressivism
What establishes rules for interstate railroads?
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
What sets rates and watches over railroad practices?
Texas Railroad Commission
What are jointly owned stores with lower prices?
Cooperatives
What is the right to vote?
Suffrage
What is the Texas Equal Rights Association?
A female suffrage organization in Texas
What are laws that enforced segregation?
Jim Crow laws
What declared Texas “free and independent?”
Constitution of 1876
What is the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?
A group that fought the use of alcohol
What change had occurred in the Texas legislature by 1872?
a) The Republicans had regained control of the legislature.
b) The Democrats had regained control of the legislature.
c) Control was equally divided between African Americans and farmers.
d) Control was equally divided between Republicans and Democrats.
b) The Democrats had regained control of the legislature.
Which issue was addressed by the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union?
a) They encouraged separate housing for juveniles convicted of crimes.
b) They discouraged the promotion of the suffrage movement.
c) They passed laws to help elderly criminals.
d) They encouraged housing all criminals together to save money.
a) They encouraged separate housing for juveniles convicted of crimes.
How did railroad monopolies hurt farmers?
a) The railroads built rail lines across farmland.
b) The railroads sold farm properties as land grants.
c) The railroads charged whatever rates they wanted for shipping crops.
d) The railroads gave high-interest loans to farmers.
c) The railroads charged whatever rates they wanted for shipping crops.
Why did companies unite to form trusts?
a) to lobby for reform
b) to increase profits
c) to reduce corruption
d) to limit competition
d) to limit competition
Which was true of women’s legal rights under the Constitution of 1876?
a) Women’s property rights were not limited.
b) Women had the same legal rights as men.
c) Women had no voting rights.
d) Women’s rights to conduct business were not limited.
c) Women had no voting rights.
How did the growth of the railway system affect Texas in the late 1800s?
a) Industry replaced agriculture.
b) Towns grew near railroad stops.
c) Major cities lost population.
d) Railroads gave away free land grants.
b) Towns grew near railroad stops.
Why was the Colored Farmers’ Alliance formed?
a) African Americans did not want women to join the Farmers’ Alliance.
b) African Americans were banned from joining the Farmers’ Alliance.
c) The Farmers’ Alliance had disbanded.
d) The Farmers’ Alliance was primarily interested in political candidates.
b) African Americans were banned from joining the Farmers’ Alliance.
What was Lawrence Sullivan “Sul” Ross’s greatest contribution?
a) While governor, the state legislature significantly reduced expenses.
b) He was a Civil War hero who worked to end the fighting.
c) He transformed Texas A&M University when he served as its president.
d) As governor, he increased the number of Texas Rangers.
c) He transformed Texas A&M University when he served as its president.
How did the responsibilities of the Texas Railroad Commission (TRC) differ from those of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)?
a) The ICC monitored railroad practices; the TRC only set rates.
b) The TRC set rates and monitored intrastate railroad shipments.
c) The ICC monitored rail shipping rates; the TRC monitored railroad practices.
d) The TRC monitored shipments between states.
b) The TRC set rates and monitored intrastate railroad shipments.
What was one purpose of the Patrons of Husbandry (also called the Grange)?
a) to set up cooperatives
b) to preserve farmland
c) better borrowing rates
d) to form partnerships
a) to set up cooperatives
True/False:
Texas approved its own prohibition law before the Eighteenth Amendment.
True
True/False:
With increased settlement, Texas became an urban state in the early 1900s.
False
True/False:
In the early 1900s, Mexican immigrants came to Texas in large numbers fleeing the rule of Mexican dictator Porfirio Díaz.
True
True/False:
During the early 1900s, many African Americans left the cities to farm.
False
True/False:
During the Progressive Era, Texas ignored conservation efforts.
False
True/False:
Between 1900 and 1920, the Texas population increased due to immigration.
True
True/False:
On September 8, 1900, Galveston was struck by a powerful tornado.
False
True/False:
The largest group of African American professionals in Texas in the early 1900s was ministers and teachers.
True
True/False:
Regulation of Texas businesses grew stronger during the Progressive period.
False
What is a fee for voting?
poll tax
What are workers who traveled between farms in different areas?
migrant labor
What are laws that limited African Americans’ civil rights?
Jim Crow laws
What are Tejano community groups that helped individuals financially?
Mutualistas
What is the separation of races in public facilities?
Segregation
Who built the first refinery west of the Mississippi in Navarro County, Texas?
Joseph S. Cullinan
Who controlled about 90 percent of the oil industry in the 1890s?
John D. Rockefeller
Who invented a new rotary drill that could break up rock, allowing deeper drilling?
Howard Hughes, Sr.
Who drilled the first oil well in Texas at Oil Springs?
Lyne T. Barret
Who opened an auto assembly plant in Dallas in 1914?
Henry Ford
What was a result of the natural disaster that struck Galveston in 1900?
a) The city passed the Terrell Election Law.
b) The city installed electric lights and telephones for the first time.
c) The city passed many Populist reforms.
d) The city adopted the new commission form of government.
d) The city adopted the new commission form of government.
What did the prohibition law ban?
a) The sale of alcohol
b) gambling
c) voting by women
d) equal treatment of races
a) The sale of alcohol
Which statement about rural Texas women during the early 1900s is accurate?
a) They had many conveniences that made life easier
b) Most worked outside the home as teachers.
c) They took care of the home and worked in the fields.
d) They rarely worked on the farm.
c) They took care of the home and worked in the fields.
What cause did Texan Minnie Fisher Cunningham campaign for in the early 1900s?
a) A new type of city government.
b) More government control of business.
c) The creation of the Texas Forestry Association.
d) Women’s right to vote.
d) Women’s right to vote.
Which statement about farming in Texas in the early 1900s is accurate?
a) Tractors were commonly used throughout the state.
b) Cotton farming, in particular, was highly mechanized.
c) Most farmwork was done using machinery.
d) Most farmwork was done by hand.
d) Most farmwork was done by hand.
Which of the following remained the main source of income for Texans in the1920s, even as many people moved to cities?
a) industrial products
b) oil
c) railroad work
d) agriculture
d) agriculture
What educational reform did Annie Webb Blanton advance in Texas?
a) Texas schools were fully integrated.
b) Textbooks were distributed to students for free.
c) Rural school districts were eliminated.
d) The school year was shortened.
b) Textbooks were distributed to students for free.
What convinced most Texans to favor little government control of businesses?
a) The positive economic impact of the oil boom.
b) The power of rail companies.
c) The impacts of the commission form of government.
d) The advantages of increased conservation efforts.
a) The positive economic impact of the oil boom.
Why did the oil boom lead to an expansion of the lumber industry in Texas?
a) Lumber was needed to build oil derricks.
b) Lumber was needed to build pipelines.
c) Forests needed to be cleared to make room for oil fields.
d) Lumber workers were needed to replant forests cleared for oil.
a) Lumber was needed to build oil derricks.
Which Texas city benefited most from the discovery of oil on the coastal plains?
a) Houston
b) Fort Worth
c) El Paso
d) Dallas
a) Houston
What launched “the Age of Oil” in Texas?
a) Drilling at Spindletop.
b) The rotary oil drill.
c) The discovery of oil at Corsicana.
d) The discovery of oil by Drake.
c) The discovery of oil at Corsicana.
From 1913 to 1920, how did farm incomes change as the cost of living doubled?
a) they increased greatly
b) they increased slightly
c) they stayed the same
d) they decreased
c) they stayed the same
Which of the following phrases best describes what life was like in boomtowns at their peak?
a) well-governed
b) crowded and unhealthy
c) spread out
d) clean
b) crowded and unhealthy
What restriction by many local Democratic Party officials in Texas prevented African Americans from taking a meaningful part in politics in the early 1900s?
a) African Americans were not allowed to join the Democratic Party.
b) Democratic primary elections were restricted to white voters.
c) Poll taxes were doubled for Democratic primary elections.
d) Democratic polling places in their neighborhoods were closed down.
b) Democratic primary elections were restricted to white voters.
Which of the following statements about boomtowns is accurate?
a) Although they were crowded, they were clean and healthy places to live.
b) They were mostly law-abiding communities.
c) Their populations often swelled and then declined significantly.
d) They only developed in lumbering areas.
c) Their populations often swelled and then declined significantly.
By the early 1900s, who made up over half of the South Texas population?
a) Germans
b) Tejanos
c) Anglo Americans
d) Czechs
b) Tejanos
