Module 3

Question 1

What is the normal range of pH?

Answer 1

7.35 – 7.45

Question 2

What is the relationship between pH and Hydrogen?

Answer 2

Inversely proportional. Increase H+ = Decreased pH and vice versa

Question 3

How would you express a pH of 8 as a decimal?

Answer 3

0.00000001

Question 4

What is an acid?

Answer 4

Any solute that dissociates in solution and realises H+. It lowers pH.

Question 5

What are the two types of acids produced by metabolism?

Answer 5

• Volatile: Excreted through breathing (CO2)

- Non-volatile: Excreted through the renal system (ammonia)

Question 6

What is a base?

Answer 6

Ay solute that removes H+ from a solution, accept a free-floating hydrogen. Releases a hydroxide ion and return the body to homeostasis during metabolic disturbances by neutralising H+. Bases cause a raise in pH.

Question 7

How does the body mitigate acid-base imbalances?

Answer 7

• Chemical buffer systems (act immediately within second e.g. haemoglobin)
• Lungs (minutes to hours)
• Kidney (hours to days)

Question 8

What are two ways in which acids are produced in the body?

Answer 8

• Metabolism

- Ingestion

Question 9

What are the four compensatory mechanisms for controlling pH?

Answer 9

• Carbonic acid-bicarbonate system (extracellular)
• Protein buffering (intracellular)
• Haemoglobin buffering (intracellular)
• Renal system