Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

POPLHLTH 111 - My Deck > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is socioeconomic position?

A

It is a relative measure
“The structural and economic factors that influence what positions individuals or groups hold within the structure of society”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In order for socioeconomic position to be a use full measure what determinants must be used?

A

Objective
Measurable
Meaningful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why measure socioeconomic position?

A
  • Used to quantify the level of inequality within or between societies
  • needed to help understand the relationship between health and other social variables
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What elements are measured for measuring socioeconomic position for individuals?

A
  • education
  • Income
  • Occupation
  • Housing
  • Assets/wealth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Measuring socioeconomic position for populations?

A
  • Area measures ( area deprivation, access deprivation)
  • income inequality
  • Literacy rates
  • Gross domestic product (GDP)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Socioeconomic individual lifestyle factors?

A
  • Focuses on YOU
  • Your education, income, occupation
  • you make the decisions to influence your opportunities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does your economic position relate to health?

A

Education related to health - more educated less likely to smoke etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Social and community influences socioeconomic position?

A
  • Your parents education, income, occupation

- your own influences are influenced by your parents education, occupation, income & assets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Living & working conditions influences o socioeconomic position?

A
  • Use area based measures (most common in NZ is NZ index deprivation
  • other measures include social fragmentation & accessibility index’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Variables included in the NZ deprivation?

A
  • Communication - people aged < 65 with no access to internet
  • Income = 18-65 receiving a benefit
  • Income = income below threshold
  • Employment = unemployed
  • Qualifications = no qualifications
  • Owned home = not living in own home
  • Support = single parent families
  • Living space = below bedroom occupancy thresholds
  • Transport = no access to a car
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

General socioeconomic, cultural, environmental conditions?

A
  • Groups populations with similar socioeconomic position levels together
  • cross-sectional or longitudinal
  • The NZ census mortality study
  • Using the integrated data infrastructure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Global socioeconomic position?

A
  • Income inequality
  • National income
  • Literacy rates
  • Free trade agreements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do we need population data for ?

A

Measuring trends - births, mortality, morbidity, migrations

More applied work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The population data sources?

A 
The census
Estimated resident populations
Vital effects
Health service utilisation and outcomes (HSU)
Integrated data infrastructure (IDI)
Nationally representative surveys
Ad how surveys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why denominators and age structure matters?

A

HSU

IDI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When collecting data we have to be mindful of?

A 
Ethics & data privacy 
Purpose of data collection
Population Vs Population samples
Are they representative sample?
Objective vs subjective measurements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Population structure measures?

A

Ages & sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Population composition?

A

By other attributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ethnicity coding protocol used?

A

Total response output
Prioritised response output
Sole combination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Population structure effects?

A

Fertility
Mortality
Migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Types of aging?

A

Numerical & structural aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Numerical aging?

A

Absolute increase I the population that is elderly

Improvements in life expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Structural aging?

A
  • The increase in the proportion of the population that is elderly
  • driven by decrease in fertility rates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Natural decline of the population occurs?

A
  • When there is more deaths then births In a population

- combination of absolute and structural aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Absolute decline of the population?

A

Occurs when there is insufficient migration to replace the lost births & increased death rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Main causes of death in NZ are?

A

Cancer
Ischaemic heart disease
Stroke
Chronic lower respiratory disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are viral effects?

A

Births, deaths, marriages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Health service utilisation & outcomes is recorded by who?

A

Ministry of health record and report

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are important pieces of information that you need to know about a pandemic?

A
  • How transmissible it is
  • How severe & unequal
  • How controllable
  • How certain is the info and how stable is the threat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the main strategic options for responding to a pandemic?

A

Control (reduce incidence)
Eliminate (reduce to zero In country)
Or do nothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the reproductive number?

A

Mean number of infections directly generated by 1 case in the population where all individuals are susceptible to infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Effective reproductive number?

A

The number of additional infections caused by an initial infection at a specific time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Intervention for elimination strategy?

A

Exclusion of cases
Case & outbreak management
Preventing community transmission
Social safety net

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How would you measure the success of your pandemic response?

A

Rapid decline
End of community transmission
Deaths
Recovered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How do you calculate herd immunity?

A

1-(1/Ro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How do you calculate population immunity?

A

Vaccine effectiveness X vaccine coverage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is misinformation?

A

False information that is spread regardless of intent to mislead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is Disinformation?

A

Deliberately misleading or biased information; manipulated narrative or facts; propaganda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What lessons are there from the pandemic in terms of future threats?

A
  • Improving evidence based informed decision making
  • adapting response to future threats
  • building effective public health infrastructure
  • supporting effective global health institutions
  • seizing public health opportunities provided by the COVID 19 reset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Maori health assumptions?

A
  • Demographic differences between Maori & non Maori populations and implications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Ethnicity is what?

A

A social construct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Maori health is exemplified by systematic disparities In what?

A

Health outcomes
Exposure to determinants of health
Health system responsiveness
Representatives in the health work force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Disparities in Maori health?

A
  • Unequal access to SDH
  • CVD
  • Cancer
  • Injury
  • Diabetes
  • Mental health inc self harm
  • Infectious diseases
  • Disability
  • Participation in the health workforce
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What does disparities mean?

A

Differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What does inequalities mean?

A

Unequal, no judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What does inequities mean?

A

Social justice/ fairness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Structural issues for the titanic example?

A 
Lack of Life boats
Barriers to the boats for 3rd class passengers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Social interventions for the titanic ?

A

Right based approach

Commitment to reviews and level playing field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What lessons can we learn from the titanic example?

A

We can have a levelling interventions which are not privileging - such as the escalator example which levels the death rate but not privileging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

As deprivation increases so does what?

A

Death rate increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Why do disparities exist?

A 
Internal = Within Maori 
External = how the external environment treat Maori - this is the important one
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are the determinants of ethnic inequalities in health ?

A
  1. Differential access to health determinants or exposures leading to differences in disease incidence
  2. Differential access to health care
  3. Differences in quality of care received
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Differential access to health determinants or exposures leading to differences in disease incidence

A

Differences to exposure of determinants of health leads to differences in health outcomes

  • Such as poor housing leading to respiratory problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Differential access to health care

A

No vehicles to get to quality health care, costs, deprivation

  • Maori suffer more deaths by IHD, however, receive less angioplasties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Differences in quality of care received means?

A

Once in the healthcare system - the treatment received by the Maori is normally poorer than if you were non-Maori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Structural contributions to Maori health?

A

The power, resources and opportunities of NZ society are organised by ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Societal contributions to Maori health?

A

That there are values & assumptions widely held I NZ society about the deservedness of different groups of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Variables in the NZ dep?

Communication

A

People aged <65 with no access to internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Variables in the NZdep?

Income (1)

A

People aged 18-65 receiving a means tested benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Variables in the NZdep?

Income (2)

A

People living in equivalence household with income below an income threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Variables in the NZdep?

Employment

A

People aged 18-65 unemployed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Variables in the NZdep?

Qualifications

A

People aged 18-64 without any qualifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Variables in the NZdep?

Owned home

A

People not living In their own home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Variables in the NZdep?

Support

A

People aged <65 living in a single parent family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Variables in the NZdep?

Living space

A

People living in equivalised households below a bedroom occupancy threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Variables in the NZdep?

Transport

A

People with no access to a car

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Ensuring area level deprivation?

A

It is another way of measuring people “relative” position In society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What does mitigate mean?

A

Avoid overwhelming health services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What does suppress mean in relation to COVID ?

A

Reduce to low level to minimise health effects eg HIV, AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What does eradicate mean in relation to COVID?

A

Reduce to zero at global level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What does eliminate in relation to COVID mean?

A

Reduce to zero in a country or region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What does control mean in COVID ?

A

Reduce incidence/prevalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Taking a history is critical otherwise you are what?

A

Treating the symptoms and not the underlying causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Maori health early contact?

A

Initially flourished economically & socially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Maori health official engagement ?

A

Colonisation
Treaty of waitangi
Heralding an era of depopulation
Disease & dispossession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Maori health colonisation?

A

Was not value free
Assumptions heals by colonisers
Notions of superior & inferior
Notions of deserving & undeserving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Treaty implications - Creation of governments?

A

Art I & Art II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Art I?

A
  • Construction of state sector - justice system, education, health, welfare
  • Constitution act 1852
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Art II?

A

Laws & policies

Disregard for Maori voice/ authority despite ART II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Maori land alienatioN relationship to health?

A

Social disruption
Breakdown of political power and alliances
Economic resource depletion & poverty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Different or denied citizenship - ART II?

Pensions

A

Old age pensions ART II
equal provisions for Maori & pakeha, however!

  • Maori access difficult - through Maori land court
  • Maori regUlarly removed from rolls
  • reduced amount paid to Maori
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Land alienation, policy alienation & unequal (inferior citizenship)
Contributed to what?

A

The poor health of the Maori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Relative inequality? What is it, how do you Calculate it?

A

It is the same as relative risk

Ego/CGO

84
Q

What is absolute inequality and how do you calculate it?

A

It is the same as risk difference

Calculated by EGO-CGO

85
Q

Structural interventions for the titanic example?

A
  • equal access to the lifeboats
  • no barriers to the boats
  • enough boats
86
Q

Interventions are not aimed at changing individual behaviour but more so ?

A

Changing the access for individuals

87
Q

Maori health has a colonial and contemporary history ?

A

Yes

88
Q

Early contact Maori health ?

A

Initially flourished - economically & socially

89
Q

After the official engagement what happened?

A 
Colonisation
ToW
Depopulation 
Disease 
Dispossession
90
Q

Colonisation and the treaty created a government

A

Construction of state sector such as justice system, education, health, welfare - These are all remnants of the Treaty of Waitangi

91
Q

Maori land meant what?

A

Historical basis of settler wealth
Pre-exemption pause of ToW
Maori land court

92
Q

How does land alienation result or associate with health?

A
  • Through social disruption of community
  • Breakdown of political power & alliances
  • Economic resource depletion & poverty
  • Resentment by indigenous peoples
93
Q

Art III - Pensions?

A

1898

  • Equal provision for Maori & pakeha - however didn’t turn out like that
  • Asians particularly excluded
  • Maori access difficult - thru Maori land court
  • Reduced amounts paid to Maori
  • regularly removed off rolls
94
Q

Addressing inequities in political ?

A

Yes

95
Q

What is equality?

A

Giving everyone the same

96
Q

What is equity ?

A

Giving everyone what they need to become equal

97
Q

Inequalities ?

A

Measurable differences or variations in health

98
Q

Inequities?

A

Those inequalities that are deemed to be unfair or stemming from some form of injustice

99
Q

Progress stands fro?

A 
P- Place of residence
R - rave/ethnicity 
O - occupational differences 
G - Gender/sex 
R - Religion
E - Education
S - Socioeconomic status
S - Social capital
100
Q

Absolute inequality ?

A

Risk difference EGO -CGO

101
Q

Relative inequality ?

A

Relative risk
EGO/CGO
Always out of 1

102
Q

CGO?

A

Always the most advantaged group

103
Q

Why reduce inequalities ?

A

They are unfair
Avoidable
They effect everybody
Reducing inequities can be cost effective

104
Q

Intra-generational mobility?

A

Refers to the movement up or down the social ladder in an individuals lifetime

105
Q

Inter-generational mobility?

A

Refers to the change in socioeconomic position between a parent and their children

106
Q

Equality of opportunity?

A

Everyone has the same chance of moving up the social ladder

107
Q

The Lorenz curve?

A

Describes the well-being of society

Draw absolute and measure income inequality - the more concave the more income inequality

108
Q

The prevalence of mental illness is higher in what?

A

Countries with high levels of income inequality

109
Q

The best/lowest levels of mental health in countries is a result from?

A

Countries with low levels of income inequality

110
Q

Implications of income inequalities?

A 
An unequal society 
Less social cohesion
Less trust between groups 
Increased stress
Reduced economic productivity
Poorer health outcomes
111
Q

Define deprivation?

A

A state of observable and demonstrable disadvantage relative to the local community, wider society or nation to which an individual, family or group belongs

112
Q

What are the 7vs of big data ?

A

Volume, velocity, variety, veracity, variability, value, visualisation

113
Q

Where does big data come from?

A

Electronic medical and health records
Internet of things (IoT)
Research data repositories
Social media

114
Q

What is volume?

A

The computing capacity required to store & analyse data

115
Q

What is velocity ?

A

The speed at which that data is created analysed

116
Q

What is variety ?

A

The types of data sources available (text, images, social media)

117
Q

What is veracity ?

A

The accuracy and credibility

118
Q

What is variability?

A

The internal consistency of your data (reproducible research)

119
Q

What is value

A

The cost required to undertake big data analysis should pay dividends for your organisation & their patients

120
Q

What is Visualisation ?

A

The use of novel techniques to communicate the patterns that would otherwise be lost in massive tables of data

121
Q

What is data linkage?

A

Is the linkage of data between different sources based on key info - such as sex, age, AUID, NHI

122
Q

Benefits of linking data?

A

It provides a more complete picture

123
Q

What does deterministic mean?

A

The exact matches based on personal information appearing in all of the datasets that are to be linked

124
Q

What is Probabilistic ?

A

Statistical weights are used to calculate the probability that data from different sources refer to the same individual

125
Q

What is the NHI No.?

A

National health index
Tracks your interactions with the health system
Allows gps, pharmacists, DHBs to be reimbursed

126
Q

External quotient?

A

Like relative risk however calculated by:

Highest value / lowest value

127
Q

Range?

A

Like risk difference however calculated:

Highest value - lowest value

128
Q

What is the integrated data infrastructure?

A
  • A large research data base containing micro data about people & households
  • Deidentified data from a range of government agencies, statistics NZ
  • holds 166billion facts
129
Q

Benefits of IDI?

A

De-identified
Linkable
Accessed in a data safe haven

130
Q

Potential risks of IDI?

A
  • Resident population definitions can vary from study to study
  • The source is only as good as the data it contains
  • selection biases? What are the concerns about data quality ?
131
Q

3 key areas in which big data presents challenges ?

A
  1. Data governance
  2. Data generation
  3. Data output
132
Q

Data governance challenges ?

A

Collection of practices and processes which help to ensure formal management of data assets within an organisation

133
Q

Data generation challenges ?

A

Data quality is even more important
Larger numbers results in more accurate picture

Includes - capturing, curating, updating & accuracy

134
Q

Data output challenges ?

A

Including analysis, wiring large datasets and generating meaningful and reliable outputs

135
Q

IDI privacy means?

A

Refers to the ability of a person to control the availability of information about themselves

136
Q

IDI security means?

A

Refers to how the agency stores & controls access to the data it holds

137
Q

IDI confidentiality means?

A

Refers to the protection of information from & about individuals & organisations and ensuring that the information is not made available or disclosed to unauthorised individuals or entities

138
Q

Implications of using big data?

A

Data in = data out
Inadvertent discrimination of sub populations
Anonymity is not guaranteed
Control over your data

139
Q

What actually is big data?

A
  • Large or complex datasets which often need terabytes or petabytes of storage
  • Large amounts of information at a population, regional or local level or span different geographical areas
140
Q

Why is IDI referred to as a “deficit” data set?

A

To be counted you have had to have interactions with acc, police, education, health etc which means you’ve even gotten into trouble or fallen ill or something like that

141
Q

Deprivation definition?

A

Is an observable or demonstrable disadvantage relative to the local community, wider society, or nation to which an individual belongs to

142
Q

NZ IMD components?

A 
Education
Income
Employment 
Housing
Health 
Access
Crime
143
Q

What does employment mean in the IMD?

A

Measures the degree to which working age people are excluded from employment

144
Q

What does IMD income mean?

A

Captures the extent of income deprivation in a data zone by measuring state-funded financial assistance to those with insufficient income

145
Q

What does crime mean in IDM?

A

Measures risk of people and material victimisation

146
Q

What does housing mean in IDM?

A

Prop of people living in overcrowded housing & prop living in rented accommodation

147
Q

What does Health mean in IDM?

A

Identifies areas with a high level of ill health or mortality.

148
Q

What does Education mean in IDM?

A

Youth disengagement

& proportion of working age without a formal qualification

149
Q

What does access mean IDM?

A

Cost & inconvenience of travelling to access basic services - supermarkets, GPS, service stations, ECE, primary & secondary schools

150
Q

Comparing IDM to NZDep 2013 ?

A
  • Things that you include in the IDM don’t just cover things in the census
  • In the graph some places have low IDM but high NZDep and vice versa
151
Q

Appropriate uses for the NZ dep?

A

Planning & resource allocation
Research
Advocacy

152
Q

Appropriate interpretation of NZDep 2013?

A

“People living I the most deprived neighbourhoods”

NOT - the most deprived people

153
Q

What is the ecological fallacy?

A

The error that arises when information about groups of people use used to make inferences about individuals

NB// - just because you are from a deprived areas doesn’t mean you as an individual is deprived

154
Q

Addressing variations in health.

Upstream interventions tend to be at what level of the Dahlgreen and whitehead model?

A

Outermost arch on the Dahlgren & whitehead model

However interventions can target the individual and community level - taxation schemes, green prescriptions

155
Q

What is a healthy environment?

A

The physical, social or political setting that prevent disease why enhancing human health & well-being

156
Q

Elements of a healthy environment ?

A 
Clean air & water
Appropriate housing
Access to wholesome food
Safe community spaces
Access to transport
Opportunities to incorporate exercise
157
Q

What is the built environment?

A

All the buildings, spaces, products that are created, or at least significantly modified by humans

158
Q

Built environment structures?

A

Homes, schools, workplaces

159
Q

Built environment urban design?

A

Roads, parks, business areas

Above ground - electric transmission lines
Below ground - waste disposal, subway trains
Across land - roads, highways

160
Q

How can a built environment be measured?

A

Urban density
Land use mix
Street connectivity
Community resources

161
Q

Community resource accessibility index components ?

A

36 facilities representing 6 domains

  1. Recreational - parks, beaches
  2. Public transport
  3. Education
  4. Shopping facilities
  5. Health
  6. Social - Marae, churches, halls
162
Q

Definition of access?

A
  • Proof of access is use of services not simply the presence of a facility
  • access can be measured in relation to need
163
Q

What are the 5 As?

A
  • Availability
  • Accessibility
  • Accomodation
  • Affordability
  • Acceptability
164
Q

What does availability mean?

A

The relationship BETWEEN volume & types of existing services.

  • How satisfied are you with your ability to find a good doctor?
  • Knowledge of where to get good health advice?
  • Ability to get medical care in an emergency ?
165
Q

What is accommodation?

A

The relationship BETWEEN how supply resources are organised & expectation of clients

  • how satisfied are you with how long you have to wait to get an appointment ?
  • how convenient a physicians office hours are?
  • how long you have to wait In the waiting room?
  • how easy it is to get in touch with your physician?
166
Q

What is acceptability ?

A

The relationship BETWEEN Clients & providers attitudes to what constitutes appropriate care ?

  • how satisfied are you with the appearance of a doctors office?
  • the neighbourhoods in which the offices are In?
  • the patients you usually see in the office?
167
Q

What is accessibility?

A

The relationship between LOCATION OF SUPPLY & location of clients

  • how satisfied are you with how convenient your physicians office is to your home?
  • how difficult is it to get to your physicians office?
168
Q

What is Affordability

A

The relationship BETWEEN the doctors prices & the willingness and clients ability to pay for these services

  • how satisfied are you with your health insurance?
  • how satisfied are you with your physician prices?
  • how satisfied are you with how soon your have to pay the bill?
169
Q

What’s the difference between potential & realised in availability?

A

Potential - The services which are available

Realised - The actual use of these services by individuals or yourself

170
Q

What is affordability direct cost?

A

The surcharge you pay directly to your GP for their service

171
Q

What is the indirect cost of affordability?

A

The fuel you use to get to the appointment

The time taken off to go to the appointment

172
Q

The costs of the providers services in relation to the clients ability & willingness to pay is what 5A?

A

Affordability

173
Q

The relationship between location of supply & location of clients is what 5A?

A

Accessibility

174
Q

The relationship between the clients & providers attitudes to what constitutes appropriate care ?
How satisfied are you with the appearance of the office?
Neighbourhood in which the offices are in?

A

Acceptability

175
Q

The relationship between the manner in which supply resources are organised & expectation of clients?
How satisfied are you with how long you have to wait?
Get in touch with your physician?

A

Accomodation

176
Q

The relationship between the volume & type of existing services?
How satisfied are you with your ability to find a good doctor?

A

Availability

177
Q

Two measures of deprivation ?

A

NZDep 2013

IMD

178
Q

All things considered how much confidence do you have in being able to get good medical care for you and your family when you need it ?

How satisfied are you with your knowledge of where to get health care?

How satisfied are you with your ability to get medical care in an emergency ?

A

Availability

179
Q

How satisfied are you with how long you have to wait?

How satisfied are you with how convenient physician office hours are?

How satisfied are you with how long you have to wait I; the waiting room?

How satisfied are you with how easy it is to get in touch with your physician?

A

Accommodation

180
Q

How satisfied are you with how convenient your physicians office is to you home?

How difficult is it to get to your physicians office?

A

Accessibility

181
Q

How satisfied are you with the appearance of your physicians office?

How satisfied are you with the neighbourhood their office is it?

How satisfied are you with the other patients you usually see in the waiting room?

A

Acceptability

182
Q

How satisfied are you with your health insurance?

How satisfied are you with your doctors prices?

How satisfied are you with how soon you need to pay the bill?

A

Affordability

183
Q

(A+b/pop) - (b/CG)

A

= PAR

184
Q

Gini coefficient?

A

The ratio of the area between the line of perfect equality and the observed Lorenz curve

185
Q

What are the SDGS?

A

A global call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and improve the lives of everyone

186
Q

Goals of the SDGS?

A 
No poverty
Zero hunger
Good health and well-being 
Quality education 
Gender equality 
Clean water & sanitation 
Affordable & clean energy 
Decent work & economic growth 
Industry, innovation and infrastructure 
Climate action 
Life on land
Peace, justice & strong institutions 
Sustainable cities & communities
187
Q

SDG and the determinants of mental health ?

A

Neighbourhood
Environmental
Social & cultural Economic
Demographic

188
Q

Neighbourhood for SDG & mental health consists of ?

A
  • clean water & sanitation
  • sustainable cities & communities
  • affordable & clean energy
  • responsible consumption & production
189
Q

Environmental for SDG & mental health consists of ?

A
  • Climate action

- Peace, justice, strong constitutions

190
Q

Social & cultural for SDG & mental health consists of ?

A

Quality education

191
Q

Economic for SDG & mental health consists of ?

A
  • No poverty
  • Industry innovation & infrastructure
  • Reduced inequalities
  • Decent work & economic growth
  • Zero hunger
192
Q

Demographic for SDG & mental health consists of ?

A

Gender equality

193
Q

Poverty in relation to NZ SDG?

A

Prioritising the health of the poor

194
Q

No hunger in relation to NZ SDG?

A

Addressing the causes and consequences to improve health

195
Q

Good health & wellbeing in relation to NZ SDG?

A

Ensuring healthy lives & promoting well-being for all at all ages

196
Q

Education in relation to NZ SDG?

A

Supporting high quality education for all to improve health

197
Q

Clean water in relation to NZ SDG?

A

Preventing disease through safe water and sanitation for all

198
Q

Decent work in relation to NZ SDG?

A

Promoting health employment as a driver for an inclusive society

199
Q

Equity in relation to NZ SDG?

A

Ensuring equitable access to health services

200
Q

Sustainable communities in relation to NZ SDG?

A

Fostering health communities through better planning, safer & more active living

201
Q

Responsible consumption in relation to NZ SDG?

A

Promoting sustainable procurement & responsible consumption

202
Q

Climate change in relation to NZ SDG?

A

Protecting health from climate risks & promoting health through low carbon activities & development

203
Q

Partnerships in relation to NZ SDG?

A

Mobilising partners to monitor & attain the health related SDG

204
Q

Haddin matrix interventions could lead too?

A
  1. Pre-event - could prevent injuries in the first place
  2. Event - could reduce the severity of injury at the time of the accident
  3. Post-event - could reduce the consequences of the injury after the event
205
Q

Interventions on humans focus on ?

A

Educational orientation - trainings, skills etc

206
Q

Interventions focusing on inanimate objects (vehicle/agent) often have a ?

A

Engineering orientation

207
Q

Interventions focusing on the environment often have a ?

A
  1. Physical - Could include street design
  2. Social - could include legislation, set up & financing
  3. Health system - Could include availability of trauma & rehab services

POPLHLTH 111 - My Deck (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions