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121 > Module 2D (Pt2) > Flashcards

Module 2D (Pt2) Flashcards

1
Q

How can 1 system using the same neurotransmitter have opposite effects at different parts of the body

A
  • Receptors
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2
Q

What are the two main receptors in the SNS

A
  • Alpha
    Beta
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3
Q

Explain alpha (a) receptors

A
  • On Smooth muscle cells of organs and blood vessels around organs
    • NE binds to a receptors: this causes constriction
    • Less blood flow occurs
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4
Q

Explain Beta(B) receptors

A
  • On Heart and blood vessels around lungs and muscle
    • NE binds to B receptors: relax
    • More blood flow occurs
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5
Q

In addition to the a and B receptors what does the pre ganglionic neurons release and onto what

A

Release ACh onto the adrenal glands(located just above the kidneys)

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6
Q

What does the adrenal medulla release and where (also what do these neurotransmitters do)

A

a) Releases epinephrine and NE into the blood stream
b) These neurotransmitters go to heart lungs and muscles to boost the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
- Same effects just slower

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7
Q

Can the PNS use ach to mediate different effects

A
  • Yes it can
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8
Q

Two main receptors in the PNS

A

-Muscarinic (mAChR)
-Nicotinic (nAChR)

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9
Q

Muscarinic receptors (mAChR)

A

M1-M5
- Metabotropic G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
- Alter Ca, K and intracellular signalling (eg cAMP)

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10
Q

Nicotinic receptors (nAChR

A
  • Ionotropic ligand-gated ion channels
    • Increase na, K and Ca permeability into the cell depending on type of nAChR
    • A lot of old insecticide are nAChR inhibitors
      • This causes muscles to go into paralysis
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11
Q

What are cranial nerves

A
  • Go from the brain almost to the effector organ (most PNS nerves don’t pass through the spinal cord but exceptions are sacral nerves that innervate bladder, sex organs and rectum)
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12
Q

What do some cranial nerves also carry Even though its part of the parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • Voluntary motor fibers (moving your eyes)
    • Sensory fibers (taste to and from the brain)
    • Some cranial nerves carry both
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13
Q

How many cranial nerves are there and what about them do we need to know

A
  • 12
    • We need to know name, function, and is it sensory motor or both
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14
Q

Cranial nerve 1

A
  • Olfactory
    • Scents from nose to brain
    • sensory
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15
Q

Cranial nerve 2

A
  • Optic
    • Vision from eye to brain
    • Sensory
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16
Q

Cranial nerve 3

A
  • Oculomotor
    • 4/6 muscles that move the eyes
    • Motor
17
Q

Cranial nerve 4

A
  • Trochlear
    • Moves eyes down (a single muscle it controls)
    • Motor
18
Q

Cranial nerve 5

A
  • Trigeminal
    • Face and jaw (Sense anything on your face and jaw/ Also sends info from brain to jaw to make movements)
    • Both motor and sensory
19
Q

Cranial nerve 6

A
  • Abducens
    • Moves eyes side to side
    • Motor
20
Q

Cranial nerve 7

A
  • Facial
    • Muscles for facial expression (Senses and sends information to your brain/ Relays info from brain to face to coordinate facial expressions
    • both motor and sensory
21
Q

Cranial nerve 8

A
  • Auditory
    • Info from cochlea to brain
      Sensory
22
Q

Cranial nerve 9

A
  • Glossopharyngeal
    • Tongue and pharynx
      Both sensory and motor
23
Q

Cranial nerve 10

A
  • Vagus
    • Sends info to heart entire digestive tract, lungs, pancreas, spleen, bladder/ Also sends info from all of these organs for a homeopathic response
    • Both motor and sensory
24
Q

Cranial nerve 11

A
  • Spinoaccessory
    • Head and shoulder movement
    • Motor
25
Q

Cranial nerve 12

A
  • Hypoglossal
    • Swallowing reflex and speech
      Motor
26
Q

What is the solitary tract nucleus

A
  • The cranial nerves 5, 7, 9, 10 nerves relay visceral sensory info from the face and abdomen through their afferent fibers to the solitary tract nucleus
27
Q

What happens if the solitary tract nucleus is injured

A
  • If it gets damaged then 4 of these nerves would not be working properly
    - Unable to receive information from face, pharynx/ mouth….
28
Q

What is the vagus nerve

A
  • Innervated the heart, lungs, stomach, intestine to and from the brain
29
Q

What do both the SNS and PNS branches of the autonomic system working to achieve

A

Homeostasis

30
Q

Do the SNS and PNS function at the same time

A

Always functioning at some level all the time

31
Q

Are the SNS and PNS functionally antagonist

A

Yes

121 (16 decks)

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