MODULE 2B: MAPPING METHODOLOGIES AND INTRODUCTION TO GIS

Question 1

Spatial data collection and utilization methodologies

Answer 1

1. Surveying
2. Remote Sensing
3. Global positioning systems (GPS)
4. Digital globes
5. VGI and Participatory GIS
6. Geographic Information System (GIS)
7. Geographic Information System (GIS)

Question 2

Spatial data methodologies: Science of accurate measurement of natural and human-made features on the Earth (used for highly precise maps)

Answer 2

Surveying

Question 3

Spatial data methodologies: Science of obtaining information about objects or areas from a distance, typically from satellites (imagery) or aircrafts and now, drones

Answer 3

Remote Sensing

Question 4

Spatial data methodologies: A satellite network that communicates with GPS receivers accessed by mobile users.

Answer 4

Global positioning systems (GPS)

Question 5

Spatial data methodologies: 3-dimensional representations of the Earth in high-resolution format (highly interactive)

Answer 5

Digital globes

Question 6

Spatial data methodologies: the harnessing of tools to create, assemble, and disseminate geographic data provided voluntarily by individuals

Answer 6

VGI and Participatory GIS

Question 7

Spatial data methodologies: Computer system used by people capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information (USGS)

Answer 7

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Question 8

Field of research that studies the theory and concepts that underpin GIS

Answer 8

Geographic Information Science (GIS Science)

Question 9

One of the founders of modern epidemiology due to his work in tracing the source of cholera outbreak in London

Answer 9

John Snow

Question 10

Computerized handling of geographical information from two independent organizations:

Answer 10

1. Harvard laboratory for computer graphics
2. Canadian GIS (CGIS)

Question 11

• Coined the term GIS
• A.k.a Father of GIS

Answer 11

Roger Tomlinson

Question 12

History: Individual personalities determined the course of GIS

Answer 12

Early 1960s (Pioneering Phase)

Question 13

1970s (Second Phase)

Answer 13

1. Increase in experimentation and practice fostered by national agencies
2. Duplication of effort was common
3. Advancements in computing power and a growing recognition of environmental issues

Question 14

1980s (Third Phase)

Answer 14

1. Commercial dominance
2. Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) launched ArcInfo

Question 15

Late 1990s (Fourth Phase/Current)

Answer 15

1. User dominance
2. Facilitated by competition among vendors
3. Start of the standardization of GIS on open systems
4. OpenGIS
5. As desktop PCs became more powerful and user-friendly

Question 16

GIS Milestones in the Philippines: 1974

Answer 16

• Started at the National Resource Management Center (NRMC)
• Computerized Land Assessment and Planning System – introduced by Synergistic Consultants Inc., first prototype GIS model

Question 17

GIS Milestones in the Philippines: 1978

Answer 17

Image 100 Interactive Multispectral Image Analyzer System from the US was used

Question 18

GIS Milestones in the Philippines: 1982

Answer 18

Arc/Info was introduced through the First Philippines GIS Workshop held

Question 19

GIS Milestones in the Philippines: 1990-1994

Answer 19

The PH-Australia RS Project started

Question 20

Components of GIS

Answer 20

1.Software
2. Data Input
3. Methods/Procedures
4. People
5. Hardware

Question 21

Types of representation of geographic objects

Answer 21

1. Analog
2. Digital

Question 22

Paper Maps

Answer 22

Analog

Question 23

• Raster data model
• Vector data model

Answer 23

Digital

Question 24

Must be converted into a suitable digital format

Answer 24

Input

Question 25

Data types need to be transformed or manipulated in some way to be compatible with your system

Answer 25

Manipulation

Question 26

An organized, integrated collection of data stored ready for use for various applications

Answer 26

Database

Question 27

Provides both simple query capabilities and sophisticated analysis tools to provide timely information to managers and analysts alike

Answer 27

Query and Analysis

Question 28

Examples of Query and Analysis

Answer 28

1. Visualization 2. Overlay 3. Proximity

Question 29

Tool for analysis and as an end-product of most geographic operations

Answer 29

Visualization

Question 30

Used to combine the characteristics of several datasets into one

Answer 30

Overlay

Question 31

What is near what can be answered (e.g. buffering)

Answer 31

Proximity

Question 32

GIS Data Types

Answer 32

1. Vector Data 2. Raster Data 3. Point, Line, Area

Question 33

Data Type: Represents geographic space by exact x and y coordinates

Answer 33

Vector Data

Question 34

Data Type: Represents geographic space by dividing it into a matrix of identically-sized cells

Answer 34

Raster Data

Question 35

Data Type: features can be measured at the nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio levels

Answer 35

Point, Line, Area data

Question 36

Some applications of GIS

Answer 36

- Land Use Planning - Natural Resources Conservation Biodiversity Mapping - Hazard Mapping - Flood Modeling - Tourism - Tax Mapping - Remote Sensing - Land cover Mapping - Digital Terrain Models

Question 37

Types of GIS Software

Answer 37

1. Free and Open Source 2. Commercial

Question 38

GIS Software: Types of Free and Open Source

Answer 38

- QGIS - GRASS - MapWindow - Google Earth

Question 39

GIS Software: Types of Commercial

Answer 39

- ArcGIS - IDRISI - ERDAS - ENVI - eCognition