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HUME 125 > MODULE 2A: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN MAPPING > Flashcards

MODULE 2A: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN MAPPING Flashcards

1
Q
  • Any picture, drawing or group of objects that help understand a place
  • A scaled model or reality
A

Map

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2
Q

mapped records of ambush areas for ancient hunters

A

Cave paintings

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3
Q

depict physical spatial elements from the community’s POV in 2D

A

Sketch maps

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4
Q

Elements of a Map

A
  1. Scale
  2. Distance
  3. Direction
  4. Location
  5. Coordinates
  6. Symbols
  7. Type of Map
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5
Q

The relationship between a unit of length on a map and the corresponding length on the ground (Usually expressed in a ration (1:100))

A

Scale

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6
Q

Measurement of how far one point is to another

A

Distance

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7
Q

can be determined in the map through scale

A

Ground distance

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8
Q

main tool for measuring direction or bearing

A

Compass

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9
Q

Physical place where appoint is found on the Earth’s surface

A

Location

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10
Q

Types of location

A
  1. Absolute location
  2. Relative location
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11
Q

using coordinates (latitude and longitude)

A

Absolute location

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12
Q

e.g. 3 km northwest of CHE building

A

Relative location

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13
Q

Pair of numbers that describe a location usually expressed in Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (DMS) format

A

Coordinates

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14
Q

Legend in the map guides the reader what each symbol, pattern and line means

A

Symbols

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15
Q

Types of maps

A
  1. Topographic Maps (“topo” maps)
  2. Thematic Maps
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16
Q

shows the shape and features of the land

A

Topographic Maps (“topo” maps)

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17
Q

made to highlight certain subjects or themes

A

Thematic Maps

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18
Q

Three fields that focus on mapping

A
  1. Cartography
  2. Geography
  3. Geodesy
19
Q

Art and science of graphically representing a geographical area, usually on a flat surface such as a map or chart

A

Cartography

20
Q

Study of the Earth and its lands, features, inhabitants and phenomena

A

Geography

21
Q

Science of accurately measuring and understanding the Earth’s geometric shape, orientation in space, and gravity field (NOAA)

A

Geodesy

22
Q

Geodesy is the science of accurately measuring and understanding the Earth’s __________, ___________, and ___________

A
  1. geometric shape
  2. orientation in space
  3. gravity field
23
Q

A known constant surface which can be used to describe the location of unknown points

A

Reference Datum

24
Q

By using an ______________ as a datum of the earth, we approximate the shape of the earth fairly well and provide a datum to which all points on the earth can be referenced from

A

oblate ellipsoid

25
Q

Universally used reference datum - used by the Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

WGS 84

26
Q

WGS 84 is comprised of 4 things:

A
  1. Reference Ellipsoid
  2. Standard Coordinate System
  3. Vertical Datum (Elevation)
  4. Horizontal Datum
27
Q

Other reference systems used in the PH

A
  1. Luzon Datum 1911
  2. Philippine Reference System 1992 (PRS92)
28
Q

Reference system for the first modern geodetic survey in the PH

A

Luzon Datum 1911

29
Q

Homogenous national network of geodetic control points (GCP), marked by concrete monuments (mojons), established using GPS technology

A

Philippine Reference System 1992 (PRS92)

30
Q

Coordinate Systems

A
  1. Geographic Coordinate System (GCS)
  2. Projected Coordinate System (PCS)
31
Q

Uses a 3-dimensional spherical surface to define locations on the earth

A

Geographic Coordinate System (GCS)

32
Q

Defined on a flat, 2-dimensional surface which has constant lengths, angles, and areas

A

Projected Coordinate System (PCS)

33
Q

x-values

A

longitude

34
Q

y-values

A

latitude

35
Q

What is the longitude and latitude measured in?

A

angular degrees

36
Q

A system which gives the relation between the position of a point on Earth and that of the same point on a map

A

Map Projections

37
Q

Map projections aims to transform a part of the Earth’s surface from a globe onto a ________, at the same time keeping distortions in _______, _____ and _______ as small as possible

A
  1. plane
  2. shape, area, and distance
38
Q

Types of Map Projections

A
  1. Cylindrical Projection
  2. Conical Projection
  3. Azimuthal or Planar Projection
  4. Transverse Mercator
39
Q

Map Projection: Gives true relative projection for countries near the equator; distorted near the poles. Area is preserved.

A

Cylindrical Projection

40
Q

Map Projection: Area and distance is distorted especially at the bottom. Scale is preserved.

A

Conical Projection

41
Q

Map Projection: Distortion at the four corners of the edges where it is farthest from the globe

A

Azimuthal or Planar Projection

42
Q

Capable of mapping a large extent of North-South region with a low amount of distortion (Direction and shapes are correct)

A

Transverse Mercator

43
Q

Most used Traverse Mercator

A

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

44
Q

Allows precise measurements using meter as a basic unit of measure (universally accepted by the scientific community)

A

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

HUME 125 (3 decks)

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