Module 25

Question 1

Subsistence farming

Answer 1

Farming for consumption by the farming family and maybe a few neighbors

Question 2

Industrial agriculture

Answer 2

Agriculture that applies the techniques of mechanization and standardization to the production of food (agribusiness)

Question 3

Green revolution

Answer 3

A shift in agricultural practices in the twentieth century that included new management techniques, mechanization, fertilization, irrigation, and improved crop varieties, that resulted in increased food output

Question 4

Economies of scale

Answer 4

The observation that average costs of production fall as output increases

Question 5

Organic fertilizers

Answer 5

Fertilizer composed of organic matter from plants and animals

Question 6

Synthetic fertilizers

Answer 6

Fertilizers produced commercially, normally with the use of fossil fuels (inorganic fertilizer)

Question 7

Waterlogging

Answer 7

A form of soil degradation that occurs when soil remains underwater for prolonged periods

Question 8

Salinization

Answer 8

A form of soil degradation that occurs when the small amounts of salt in irrigation water becomes highly concentrated on the soil surface through evaporation

Question 9

Pesticides

Answer 9

A substance, either natural or synthetic, that kills or controls organisms that people consider pests

Question 10

Insecticides

Answer 10

A pesticide that targets species of insects and other invertebrates that consume crops

Question 11

Herbicides

Answer 11

A pesticide that targets plant species that compete with crops

Question 12

Broad-spectrum pesticides

Answer 12

A pesticide that kills many different types of pest

Question 13

Selective pesticides

Answer 13

a pesticide that targets a narrow range of organisms (narrow-spectrum pesticide)

Question 14

Monocropping

Answer 14

An agricultural method that utilizes large plantings of a single species or variety