Module 2.2: Animal Histology Flashcards
What are the 4 types of tissues?
- Epithelium
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
What are the three components of the tissue?
- Cells with similar functions
- Extracellular matrix
- Cell junctions
Identify the two ways Epithelium Tissues are characterized, followed by the different defined groupings.
- Cell Shape - squamous, cuboidal, columnar
- Arrangement of layers - simple, pseudostratified, stratified
Identify the three surfaces of an epithelium cell.
- Basal - connects to basement membrane
- Lateral - connects to adjacent cells
- Apical - exposed surface (free)
Outline the characteristics of an Epithelium tissue.
- Avascular (not directly connected to the circulatory system; gathers its nutrients via diffusion)
- Capable of regeneration
- Associated with the basement membrane
- Acts as a lining / covering
Identify the two surfaces of a basement membrane.
- Reticular lamina
- Basal lamina
Identify the 4 types of membranes associated with the epithelium.
- Cutaneous membrane (skin)
- Serous membrane (lines body cavities without external openings)
- Mucous membrane (lines body cavities with external openings)
- Synovial membrane (composed of connective tissues; covers joints)
Identify the two major functions of epithelium tissues.
- Lining / Covering - Protection
- Secretion
Define exocrine glands.
a structure that secretes via a duct (e.g. sweat glands)
Are all the epithelium tissues found in the respiratory tract ciliated?
YES
Identify the structure and function of epithelium tissue in the kidney.
Simple squamous epithelium - filtration at the bowman’s capsule
Simple cuboidal epithelium - reabsorption in the DCT and PCT.
Identify the two types of serous membranes.
Parietal (lines cavity) & Visceral (lines organ)
Identify the 4 body cavities without external openings.
Abdominopelvic (Peritoneum)
Pericardium
Pleural
Cranial
Identify the structure and function of epithelium tissue in the stomach.
Simple non-ciliated Columnar Epithelium - secrete mucous (associated with the goblet cells)
Identify the 3 components of the ECM of connective tissues.
- Fluid
- Protein Fibres - Collagen, Elastic, Reticular
- Ground substances - GAGs + Proteoglycans
Describe the role of chondroCYTES and chondroBLASTS.
chondro-cytes: Maintains gelatinous ECM
chondro-blasts: Synthesizes gelatinous ECM
Identify (3) Granulocytes and (4) Agranulocytes
Granulocytes (ENDS WITH -PHIL):
a) Neutrophils
b) Basophils
c) Eosinophils
Agranulocytes:
a) Macrophages
b) Monocytes
c) B cell lymphocytes (plasma cells and memory cells)
d) T cell lymphocytes (memory cells and cytotoxics)
Draw a transverse section of the Osteon and label 3 parts
- Haversian Canal
- Lacuna (houses the osteocyte)
- Lamellae
Describe the ECM of cartilage
ECM: Gelatinous
Describe the ECM, cells, and function of Adipose tissues.
ECM: semi-liquid
cell: Adipocytes
function: abundant of triglycerides for energy storage
Describe the ECM, cells, and function of Reticular connective tissues.
ECM: reticular fibres
cell: reticulocytes
function: “stroma;” structural support
Identify which type of muscular tissue(s) does not have any striations.
Smooth Muscle
Identify which type of muscular tissue(s) have involuntary movement.
Cardiac muscle (pump blood) & Smooth muscle (peristalsis)
Identify the two cells of a Nervous system
- Nervous cells
- Neuroglial cells
