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Zoology LAB > Module 2.2: Animal Histology > Flashcards

Module 2.2: Animal Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Connective
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
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2
Q

What are the three components of the tissue?

A
  1. Cells with similar functions
  2. Extracellular matrix
  3. Cell junctions
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3
Q

Identify the two ways Epithelium Tissues are characterized, followed by the different defined groupings.

A
  1. Cell Shape - squamous, cuboidal, columnar
  2. Arrangement of layers - simple, pseudostratified, stratified
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4
Q

Identify the three surfaces of an epithelium cell.

A
  1. Basal - connects to basement membrane
  2. Lateral - connects to adjacent cells
  3. Apical - exposed surface (free)
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5
Q

Outline the characteristics of an Epithelium tissue.

A
  • Avascular (not directly connected to the circulatory system; gathers its nutrients via diffusion)
  • Capable of regeneration
  • Associated with the basement membrane
  • Acts as a lining / covering
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6
Q

Identify the two surfaces of a basement membrane.

A
  • Reticular lamina
  • Basal lamina
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7
Q

Identify the 4 types of membranes associated with the epithelium.

A
  1. Cutaneous membrane (skin)
  2. Serous membrane (lines body cavities without external openings)
  3. Mucous membrane (lines body cavities with external openings)
  4. Synovial membrane (composed of connective tissues; covers joints)
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8
Q

Identify the two major functions of epithelium tissues.

A
  1. Lining / Covering - Protection
  2. Secretion
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9
Q

Define exocrine glands.

A

a structure that secretes via a duct (e.g. sweat glands)

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10
Q

Are all the epithelium tissues found in the respiratory tract ciliated?

A

YES

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11
Q

Identify the structure and function of epithelium tissue in the kidney.

A

Simple squamous epithelium - filtration at the bowman’s capsule
Simple cuboidal epithelium - reabsorption in the DCT and PCT.

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12
Q

Identify the two types of serous membranes.

A

Parietal (lines cavity) & Visceral (lines organ)

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13
Q

Identify the 4 body cavities without external openings.

A

Abdominopelvic (Peritoneum)
Pericardium
Pleural
Cranial

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14
Q

Identify the structure and function of epithelium tissue in the stomach.

A

Simple non-ciliated Columnar Epithelium - secrete mucous (associated with the goblet cells)

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15
Q

Identify the 3 components of the ECM of connective tissues.

A
  1. Fluid
  2. Protein Fibres - Collagen, Elastic, Reticular
  3. Ground substances - GAGs + Proteoglycans
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16
Q

Describe the role of chondroCYTES and chondroBLASTS.

A

chondro-cytes: Maintains gelatinous ECM
chondro-blasts: Synthesizes gelatinous ECM

17
Q

Identify (3) Granulocytes and (4) Agranulocytes

A

Granulocytes (ENDS WITH -PHIL):
a) Neutrophils
b) Basophils
c) Eosinophils

Agranulocytes:
a) Macrophages
b) Monocytes
c) B cell lymphocytes (plasma cells and memory cells)
d) T cell lymphocytes (memory cells and cytotoxics)

18
Q

Draw a transverse section of the Osteon and label 3 parts

A
  1. Haversian Canal
  2. Lacuna (houses the osteocyte)
  3. Lamellae
19
Q

Describe the ECM of cartilage

A

ECM: Gelatinous

20
Q

Describe the ECM, cells, and function of Adipose tissues.

A

ECM: semi-liquid
cell: Adipocytes
function: abundant of triglycerides for energy storage

21
Q

Describe the ECM, cells, and function of Reticular connective tissues.

A

ECM: reticular fibres
cell: reticulocytes
function: “stroma;” structural support

22
Q

Identify which type of muscular tissue(s) does not have any striations.

A

Smooth Muscle

23
Q

Identify which type of muscular tissue(s) have involuntary movement.

A

Cardiac muscle (pump blood) & Smooth muscle (peristalsis)

24
Q

Identify the two cells of a Nervous system

A
  1. Nervous cells
  2. Neuroglial cells
25
Q

Identify the three basic parts of a neuron

A
  1. Dendrite
  2. Cell body
  3. Axon
26
Q

Describe the function of astrocytes

A

Supports neuron, maintains blood brain barrier (BBB)

27
Q

Which type of neuroglial cells is responsible for the production of the myelin sheath in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

28
Q

Describe the role of oligodendrocytes.

A

Synthesizes myelin sheaths in the CNS

Zoology LAB (9 decks)

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