Module 2.2: Animal Histology Flashcards
What are the 4 types of tissues?
- Epithelium
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
What are the three components of the tissue?
- Cells with similar functions
- Extracellular matrix
- Cell junctions
Identify the two ways Epithelium Tissues are characterized, followed by the different defined groupings.
- Cell Shape - squamous, cuboidal, columnar
- Arrangement of layers - simple, pseudostratified, stratified
Identify the three surfaces of an epithelium cell.
- Basal - connects to basement membrane
- Lateral - connects to adjacent cells
- Apical - exposed surface (free)
Outline the characteristics of an Epithelium tissue.
- Avascular (not directly connected to the circulatory system; gathers its nutrients via diffusion)
- Capable of regeneration
- Associated with the basement membrane
- Acts as a lining / covering
Identify the two surfaces of a basement membrane.
- Reticular lamina
- Basal lamina
Identify the 4 types of membranes associated with the epithelium.
- Cutaneous membrane (skin)
- Serous membrane (lines body cavities without external openings)
- Mucous membrane (lines body cavities with external openings)
- Synovial membrane (composed of connective tissues; covers joints)
Identify the two major functions of epithelium tissues.
- Lining / Covering - Protection
- Secretion
Define exocrine glands.
a structure that secretes via a duct (e.g. sweat glands)
Are all the epithelium tissues found in the respiratory tract ciliated?
YES
Identify the structure and function of epithelium tissue in the kidney.
Simple squamous epithelium - filtration at the bowman’s capsule
Simple cuboidal epithelium - reabsorption in the DCT and PCT.
Identify the two types of serous membranes.
Parietal (lines cavity) & Visceral (lines organ)
Identify the 4 body cavities without external openings.
Abdominopelvic (Peritoneum)
Pericardium
Pleural
Cranial
Identify the structure and function of epithelium tissue in the stomach.
Simple non-ciliated Columnar Epithelium - secrete mucous (associated with the goblet cells)
Identify the 3 components of the ECM of connective tissues.
- Fluid
- Protein Fibres - Collagen, Elastic, Reticular
- Ground substances - GAGs + Proteoglycans
Describe the role of chondroCYTES and chondroBLASTS.
chondro-cytes: Maintains gelatinous ECM
chondro-blasts: Synthesizes gelatinous ECM
Identify (3) Granulocytes and (4) Agranulocytes
Granulocytes (ENDS WITH -PHIL):
a) Neutrophils
b) Basophils
c) Eosinophils
Agranulocytes:
a) Macrophages
b) Monocytes
c) B cell lymphocytes (plasma cells and memory cells)
d) T cell lymphocytes (memory cells and cytotoxics)
Draw a transverse section of the Osteon and label 3 parts
- Haversian Canal
- Lacuna (houses the osteocyte)
- Lamellae
Describe the ECM of cartilage
ECM: Gelatinous
Describe the ECM, cells, and function of Adipose tissues.
ECM: semi-liquid
cell: Adipocytes
function: abundant of triglycerides for energy storage
Describe the ECM, cells, and function of Reticular connective tissues.
ECM: reticular fibres
cell: reticulocytes
function: “stroma;” structural support
Identify which type of muscular tissue(s) does not have any striations.
Smooth Muscle
Identify which type of muscular tissue(s) have involuntary movement.
Cardiac muscle (pump blood) & Smooth muscle (peristalsis)
Identify the two cells of a Nervous system
- Nervous cells
- Neuroglial cells
Identify the three basic parts of a neuron
- Dendrite
- Cell body
- Axon
Describe the function of astrocytes
Supports neuron, maintains blood brain barrier (BBB)
Which type of neuroglial cells is responsible for the production of the myelin sheath in the PNS?
Schwann cells
Describe the role of oligodendrocytes.
Synthesizes myelin sheaths in the CNS
