Module 2.1.4 - Acids Flashcards
What is an acid?
A proton (H+) donor
What is the chemical formulae of hydrochloric acid?
HCl (aq)
What is the chemical formulae of sulfuric acid?
H2SO4 (aq)
What is the chemical formulae of nitric acid?
HNO3 (aq)
What is the chemical formulae of phosphoric acid?
H3PO4 (aq)
What is the chemical formulae of ethanoic acid?
CH3COOH (aq)
What does an acid release in aqueous solution?
Hydrogen ions (H+)
What is a strong acid?
A strong acid completely dissociates into its ions in aqueous solution
What is a weak acid?
A weak acid partially dissociates into its ions in aqueous solution
How is a weak acid shown in an equation?
A reversible reaction arrow
What are examples of strong acids?
- Hydrochloric acid
- Nitric acid
- Sulfuric acid
- Phosphoric acid
What is an example of a weak acid?
Ethanoic acid, only releases a small proportion of it’s available hydrogen atoms into solution at H+ ions
What happens to sulfuric acid when mixed with water?
- Each H2SO4 molecule dissolves, releasing just one of its hydrogen atoms as an H+ ion
- The resulting HSO4- (aq) ions then only partially dissociate
What is a base?
A proton (H+) acceptor
What are common bases?
- Metal oxide
- Metal hydroxide
- Carbonate
- Ammonia solution
Which of the common base types is a weak base?
Ammonia
What are salts?
A salt is produced when the H+ ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or NH4+
What are all salts made from?
Acids, salt name comes from acid used
What does a metal oxide and acid produce with its ionic equation and what is observed?
- Salt and water
- O2- + 2H+ -> H2O neutralisation reaction
- Solid dissolves
What does a metal hydroxide and acid produce with its ionic equation and what is observed?
- Salt and water
- OH- + H+ -> H2O neutralisation reaction
- no visible change
What does a carbonate and acid produce with its ionic equation and what is observed?
- Salt + water + carbon dioxide
- CO3 2- + 2H+ -> H2O + CO2 neutralisation reaction
- solid dissolves and bubbles of gas
What is produced when ammonia and acid react with its ionic equation and what is observed?
- Ammonium salt produced
- NH3 + H+ -> NH4 + neutralisation reaction
- no visible change
What is produced when a metal and acid react and what is observed?
- Salt and hydrogen a redox reaction, not neutralisation
- solid dissolves and bubbles of gas
What is an alkali?
A base that dissolves in water and releases OH- ions in aqueous solution
What type of bases are alkalis?
hydroxides
