Module 20 - Sleep, Dreams, and Body Rhythms

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

Awareness of yourself and your environment.

Question 2

pseudoscientific claim

Answer 2

Any assertion that is not based on science, even though in some circumstances, attempts are made to appear scientific.

Question 3

biological rhythms

Answer 3

Periodic physiological fluctuations.

Question 4

What 3 things does biological rhythms affect?

Answer 4

physiological processes such as body temp., blood pressure, and effectiveness of medicines.

Question 5

What are the 3 main categories of biological rhythms?

Answer 5

• circadian
• ultradian
• infradian

Question 6

What are circadian rhythms?

Answer 6

• occur approx. once during a 24-hour period.

ex: sleep-wake cycle

Question 7

What are ultradian rhythms?

Answer 7

• more than once a day

ex: stages of sleep each night.

Question 8

What are infradian rhythms?

Answer 8

• less than once a day (once a month/season)

ex: women’s period, bear’s hibernation

Question 9

Lack of sleep decreases the levels of _____________.

Answer 9

…hormones necessary for proper immune system functioning.

Question 10

Lack of sleep increases levels of __________.

Answer 10

….the stress hormone cortisol, which has been linked to the damage of brain cells.

Question 11

What did Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov believe sleep resulted from?

Answer 11

“massive inhibitions”

Question 12

hypothalamus

Answer 12

The control centre for the 24-hour rhythm of sleep.

Question 13

melatonin

Answer 13

A hormone that helps regulate daily biological rhythms.

Question 14

What is the adaptation theory?

Answer 14

Holds that we sleep at times of the night or day to maximize our safety and survival.

Question 15

Describe Stage 1 sleep

Answer 15

• slowed breathing
• <5 mins
• dreamlike
• easily awakened
• irregular
• ALPHA

Question 16

Describe stage 2 sleep

Answer 16

• 20 mins
• half of entire sleep
• SPINDLES

Question 17

Describe stage 3 and 4 sleep

Answer 17

-delta sleep

Question 18

delta sleep

Answer 18

large, slow, delta waves (cycle per second)

-(slow wave sleep)

Question 19

Why is REM sleep also called paradoxical sleep?

Answer 19

Muscles are relaxed, but other body systems are active.

Question 20

What is Freud’s theory about dreaming?

Answer 20

-The Interpretation of Dreams
–dreams a]were key to understanding out inner conflicts
; expressions of wish fulfillment and traced to erotic wishes.

Question 21

What are the 3 modern theories of dreaming?

Answer 21

• information processing
• physiological function
• activation synthesis

Question 22

information processing

Answer 22

• modern theory of sleep

- memory related function that sorts and sifts through the day’s experiences

Question 23

physiological function

Answer 23

• modern theory of sleep

- brain activity during REM sleep provides stimulation to help with growth.

Question 24

activation synthesis

Answer 24

• modern theory of sleep

- the mind making sense of random neural firing of the sleeping brain.

Question 25

insomnia

Answer 25

problems falling or staying asleep

Question 26

sleep apnea

Answer 26

temporary cessations of breathing during sleep

Question 27

narcolepsy

Answer 27

uncontrolled sleep attacks

Question 28

somnambulism

Answer 28

sleepwalking

Question 29

night terrors

Answer 29

high arousal and appearance of being terrified (usually kids)

Question 30

bruxism

Answer 30

teeth grinding

Question 31

enuresis

Answer 31

bed wetting

Question 32

myoclonus

Answer 32

sudden jerking of a body part