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Psych 20 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Behaviorism

A

Focuses on how we learned observable responses.

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2
Q

Cognitive

A

Focuses on how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

Theory that emphasizes the functions of the mind and how consciousness helped people adapt to their environment.

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4
Q

Applied Research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

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5
Q

Gestalt

A

Psychological system that focuses on how people organize their perceptions and combined sensory elements to produce new patterns.

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6
Q

Humanistic

A

A system focusing on the study of conscious experience, freed will, and capacity for personal growth.

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7
Q

Positive Psychology

A

Focuses on the study of optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive.

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8
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Psychodynamic Perspective; it focuses on how behaviour springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.

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9
Q

Basic Research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

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10
Q

Perspective

A

A means of classifying a collection of ideas that grows into a movement.

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11
Q

Structuralism

A

Theory that emphasizes analyzing components of conscious thought to determine its structure.

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12
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

Focused on how much our heredity/genes and our environment influence individual differences.

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13
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study if the mind and behavior.

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14
Q

What is the Psychodynamic Perspective?

A

“Focusing on the inner person.” Unconscious drives, memories and conflicts determine personality and behavior.

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15
Q

Who is Sigmund Freud?

A

Developed the theory of psychoanalysis.

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16
Q

What are the 5 Psychological Perspectives?

A

CognitiveEvolutionary/BiologicalSocioculturalBehavioralHumanisticPsychodynamic

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17
Q

Who is Erik Erikson?

A

Created the Stages of Psychosocial Development with each stage presenting a crisis or conflict that the individual must resolve.

18
Q

Who is Jean Piaget?

A

Studied cognitive perspective.

19
Q

What is assimilation?

A

The process in which people understand an experience based on their currents state of cognitive developments and ways of thinking.

20
Q

What is accommodation?

A

Changes in existing ways of thinking in response to encounter with new stimuli or events.

21
Q

Who is Lev Vygotsky?

A

Russian Psychologist who studied sociocultural theory.

22
Q

What is the sociocultural theory?

A

A full understanding of development is impossible without taking into account the culture/setting/situation in which children develop. (influenced by others)

23
Q

What is Behavioral Perspective?

A

“Considering the outer person.” All behaviour is learned as a response to external stimuli.

24
Q

Who are John B. Watson and B.F Skinner?

A

Founders of behaviourism and studied classical and operant conditioning.

25
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Learning to respond in a particular way to a neutral stimulus. (going to class when hearing the bell)

26
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

When a stimulus (reward) is provided that increases the probability that a preceding behaviour will be repeated. Or a punishment is provided, decreasing it.

27
Q

What is Albert Bandura’s theory?

A

The social-cognitive learning theory; seeing the behaviour of a model being rewarded, and we are likely to imitate the behaviour.

28
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Suggested that all people have a need for unconditional positive regard that results from an underlying wish to be loved and respected.

29
Q

Who is Abraham Maslow?

A

Created the Hierarchy of Needs. Self-actualization is a primary goal in life.

30
Q

What are the stages of the Hierarchy of Needs?

A

Physiological NeedsSafety NeedsBelongingness and Love NeedsEsteem NeedsSelf-Actualization

31
Q

What is Sociocultural Perspective?

A

Each person is significantly affected by interactions among a number of overlapping ecosystems.

32
Q

Who is Urie Bronfenbrenner?

A

Studied sociocultural perspective using a three-system model of microsystem, ecosystem, and macrosystem.

33
Q

What is the Evolutionary Perspective?

A

A theory that stresses that behaviour is strongly influenced by biology, and evolution.

34
Q

Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

A

-Father of psych-founder of modern psych-first psych lab

35
Q

What is free association?

A

A method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says what’s on their mind.

36
Q

Define unconscious

A

A region of the mind full of unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories.

37
Q

Define id

A

Aggressive and sexual drives operating from the pleasure principle.

38
Q

Define super ego.

A

Internalized ideals and standards. What we should do, not what we’d like to do.

39
Q

Define ego

A

Mediator that makes decision. Operating from the reality principle satisfying the id and superego.

40
Q

Who is William James?

A

-first psych text-first american psychologist

Psych 20 (4 decks)

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