Module 2 Teleological

Question 1

Two types of ethical theory

Answer 1

Descriptive theory - theory which explains human behaviour as it is
Normative theory - how people should behave.

Question 2

Normative theories

Answer 2

Proposed principles that distinguishes rights from wrong by providing norm or standard that should be followed
2 key functions
1. provides framework for judging the rightness of act or decision after the event has occurred
2. provides framework for decision making to resolve ethical problems

Question 3

Normative theory are split into 2 specific categories

Answer 3

1. Ethics of character : Also called as virtue ethics. It calls on ppl to examine the traits of individual to examine if they have behaved in a manner which is wrong, in a particular situation.
2. Ethics of conduct : divided into two
   a) teleological (or consequential) - individual or group consider the consequence of action
   i)Egoism - Taking action or decision for individuals
   ii)Utilitarianism - taking action or decision for greatest group of ppl, which might or might no include the person who takes the action or decision

b) deontological ( or non-consequential or duty-based)- individuals or group consider the intend of action.
i)rights - focuses on taking action that intend on rights of parties involved
ii)Justice - focuses on taking action that intend to be fair and equitable to parties involved

Question 4

Teleological (consequential) theory

Answer 4

It determines good from bad or right from wrong based on results or consequences of action or decision taken.
It is weight on cost and benefits. If the benefits out weigh the cost, then it is considered good consequence
If cost out weigh benefits, then it is bad consequence.
The benefits could be pleasure, health, satisfaction, life, knowledge and happiness
Costs include pain, sickness, dissatisfaction, ignorance and unhappiness

Question 5

5 steps while applying Utilitarianism approach

Answer 5

1. Identify the issue
2. Identify all possible solution
3. Identify cost and benefits
4. Weigh the cost and benefit for each option
5. Choose the option which results in greatest benefit for greatest number of ppl

Question 6

Limitations of Utilitarianism

Answer 6

Working out a numerical value to assign to consequences