Module 2, Sport & Physical Culture in Historical Perspective Flashcards
Sociological imagination
refers to the ability to go beyond personal issues and make connections to social structures, history and broader power relations
identified factors: social structures (changing families, changing workplaces and changing sports models), power relations (social class) and history (how societies evolved over time)
Historical sensitivity
brings even the smallest details of personal experience into the larger frame of history and of the historical and changing dynamics of social relations
- history of struggle where more powerful groups in society defined the structures, traditions, and practices and meanings of sport
Sport (v)
is a cultural site where some groups are empowered and privileged, while other groups are constrained, marginalized and in some cases, excluded
Institutionalization
the process of established dominant set of patterns, rules and social norms and relations in society
- a process whereby one particular set of patterns and rules of conduct has gradually emerged to define and regulate our contemporary sense of what sport is and how it should be legitimately played
Three modernizing factors
- improvements in transportation
- improvements in communication
- technological advances in sport equipment and facilities
- together these advances lead to the organizational sophistication in sport, sporting practices and the availability of sport to wider society
- Improvements in transportation
travel in Canada in the first half of the 19th century was incredibly time intensive
- industrialization progressed transportation modes improved to meet commercial needs (ex. increased use of steam engine in boats and rails) time lessened
- aided in the formation of regional leagues, which required standardized rules, governing bodies and highly organizational structures
- improvements in communication
advances in communications meant that the ‘home town’ team or hero could be followed in regional, national and even international competition
- telegraph (1850 invented)
- communications intensified with radio, television and internet
communication improvements opened up new markets and played a pivotal role in the development of the ‘modern’
- Advances in sporting equipment and facilities
Equipment technologies
- quality - safer and more accessible
- reduced cost - more affordable
- standardized - aided organization of leagues and inter-regional, national and international competitions
Facilities
- indoor facilities with gas lighting meant could play sport at night, which made it more accessible for working class
- stadium seating aided evolution of spectator sport
Montreal Pedestrian Club
an amateur is one who never competed in any open competition or for public money, or with professionals for a prize, public money or admission money, nor has never, at any point of his life taught or assisted in the pursuit of athletic exercises as a means of livelihood or as a labourer or an indian
Amatuerism (t)
a set of ideas about sport that reinforced the notion that athletes should not receive remuneration for competing in sport
Industrial revolution (t)
an era (mid-18th to mid-19th century) when fundamental transformations occurred in manufacturing, agriculture, the textile industry, transportation etc.
Modernization (t)
refers to a process of transition from a “pre-modern” or traditional period of time to a “modern” or more “progressive” era
Professionalism (t)
a set of ideas about sport that define the practice in which athletes receive remuneration for their performances
Social change (t)
refers to significant changes over time in human interactions, norms, and cultural values, which have profound consequences on cultural and social institutions and society more broadly
