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SNUG107 Primary Health Care > Module 2 - Social Determinants of Health > Flashcards

Module 2 - Social Determinants of Health Flashcards

1
Q

How is epidemiology information used?

A
  • used to plan and evaluate strategies to prevent illness
  • used to guide the management of patients in whom disease has already developed.
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2
Q

What are 3 key components of the epidemiology triad?

A
  • Agent
  • Host
  • Environment
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3
Q

Why did Public Health start to improve in the later part of the 19th Century?

A

Dr John Snow proved that there was a relationship between water and cholera. Governement started to collect statistics on births, deaths and marriages.

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4
Q

IMPORTANT DATES IN HISTORY.

What happended in 1866?

A

The 1866 Sanitary Act

All towns had to appoint inspectors to check water supplies and drainage.

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5
Q

IMPORTANT DATES IN HISTORY.

What Acts were created in 1875?

A

The 1875 Artisans Dwelling Act : local authorities were given the power to buy and demolish slum housing.

The 1875 Public Health Act : towns had to appoint Health Inspectors and Sanitary Inspectors; local authorities were given powers to enforce regulations on water supplies and sanitation.

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6
Q

IMPORTANT DATES IN HISTORY.

The 1878 Public Health Act…..?

A

Consolidated exiting laws.

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7
Q

Social determinants of health are causes of…?

A

ill health.

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8
Q

What are social determinants of health?

A

The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels.

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9
Q

Lits 5 social determinants of health.

A
  • Social support networks
  • education- literacy
  • employment and working conditions
  • social environments
  • physical environment
  • health practices - coping skills
  • health services- resources
  • gender-culture
  • biological-genetic charateristics
  • healthy child development
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10
Q

According to the World Health Organization there are two broad types of social determinants. What are these types?

A

Structural determinants and Intermediary determinants

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11
Q

Name at least 5 examples of structural determinants.

A
  1. Governance
  2. Polices
  3. Education
  4. Gender
  5. Occupation
  6. Ethnicity
  7. Social class
  8. Income
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12
Q

Name 3 examples of intermediary determinants.

A
  • Material circumstances
  • psychosocial factors
  • behaviours
  • biological factors
  • health care systems
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13
Q

What bridges the structural and intermediary determinants?

A

Social cohesion and social capital.

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14
Q

What are the 3 levels of disease prevention?

A

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

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15
Q

What are 2 examples of primary prevention?

A
  1. General health promotion
  2. Immunisation.

Preventing illness or disease before it occurs through interventions

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16
Q

What are 2 examples of secondary prevention?

A
  1. Pap test to screen for cancer of the cervix
  2. PSA blood test

Detecting a disease in its earliest stages, before symptoms appear.

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17
Q

What are 2 examples of tertiary prevention?

A
  1. Physiotherapy post stroke
  2. cardiac rehabilitation program following an Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI, heart attack) .

Interventions designed to arrest the progress of an established disease

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18
Q

INFECTION CONTROL.

What are 4 examples of an infectious agent?

A
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • viruses
  • parasites
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19
Q

INFECTION CONTROL.

What are 4 examples of reservoirs?

A
  • Dirty surfaces and equipment
  • people
  • water
  • animals/insects
  • soil
20
Q

INFECTION CONTROL.

What are the three portal of exits?

A
  • Open wound/ skin,
  • Splatter of body fluids,
  • Aerosols.
21
Q

INFECTION CONTROL.

What are 3 modes of transmission?

A

1. Contact (direct or indirect).

2. Ingestion

3.Inhalation.

22
Q

INFECTION CONTROL.

What are 4 portals of entry?

A
  1. Broken skin/incisons
  2. Respiratory tract
  3. Mucous membranes
  4. Catheters and tubes
23
Q

What is public health?

A

Social and political actions aimed at improving health, prolonging life and improving the quality of life among whole populations through health promotion, disease prevention and other forms of health intervention

24
Q

What is Population Health?

A

Aims to improve health of the entire population, rather than individuals and to reduce health inequities among and between specific population groups

25
Q

What is the National Primary Health Care Strategic Framework?

A

A nationally agreed approach for the Commonwealth, states and territories to work in partnership to better integrate health care across care settings and to improve health outcomes for all Australians.

26
Q

What does the National Primary Health Care Strategic Framework aim to do?

A
  • improve health care for all Australians, particularly those who currently experience inequitable health outcomes
  • keep people healthy
  • prevent illness
  • reduce the need for unnecessary hospital presentations
  • improve the management of complex and chronic conditions
27
Q

What are the 4 strategic outcomes of the National Primary Health Care Strategic Framework?

A
  • building a consumer-focused and integrated primary health care system
  • improving access and reducing inequity
  • increasing the focus on health promotion and prevention, screening and early intervention
  • improving quality, safety, performance and accountability
28
Q

What is morbidity?

A

The condition of being diseased.

29
Q

What is mortality?

A

The state of being subject to death.

30
Q

What is Incidence?

A

Incidence is the number of people in a population who develop a condition in a specified time period

31
Q

What is prevalence?

A

Prevalence is the total number of people in the population who have a condition at a particular time.

32
Q

What is rate?

A

Rates refer to the measure amount of disease, injury, disability or death within a population.

33
Q

What is Medicare?

A

Medicare, is a government-funded public health service. Medicare provides free healthcare and other medical benefits to Australian citizens. It is partly financed by taxpayers who pay an extra tax known as the Medicare Levy.

34
Q

What is the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS)?

A

The Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) lists a wide range of consultations, procedures and tests, and the Schedule fee for each of these items(for example, an appointment with your GP or blood tests to monitor your cholesterol level.)

35
Q

What is My Health Record?

A

My Health Record allows your health information to be viewed securely online, from anywhere, at any time – even if you move or travel interstate. You can access your health information from any computer or device that’s connected to the internet.

36
Q

What are 3 examples of modifiable (behavioural) risk factors?

A
  • Tabacco smoking
  • high blood pressure
  • high blood cholesterol
  • physical inactivity
  • poor nutrition
  • being overweight
37
Q

Name the 6 stages of behavioural change.

A
  1. Precontemplation,
  2. Contemplation
  3. Preparation
  4. Action
  5. Maintenance
  6. Termination
38
Q

What is Motvational Interviewing?

A

Motivational interviewing is a strategy used to encourage behaviour change and can be by health professionals in a variety of settings.

39
Q

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH.

Name 4 examples of broad features of society that are determinants of health.

A
  • culture,
  • affluence,
  • social cohesion,
  • social inclusion,
  • polictical structures.
40
Q

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH.

Name 2 environmental factors?

A

Natural and built.

41
Q

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH.

Name 4 socioeconomic factors.

A
  • Education,
  • employment,
  • income and wealth,
  • family, neighbourhood,
  • housing,
  • access to services,
  • migration/refugess status,
  • food security.
42
Q

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH.

Name 3 psychological factors.

A
  • stress,
  • trauma
  • torture.
43
Q

DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH.

Identify 4 biomedical factors.

A
  • birthweight
  • body weight
  • blood pressure
  • blood cholesterol
  • glucose tolerance
  • immune status
44
Q

How many primary health care principles are there?

A

6

45
Q

What are the 6 primary health care principles?

A
  • Accessible health care
  • Appropriate technology
  • health promotion
  • cultural sensitivity and cultural safety
  • Intersectoral collaboration
  • Community participation

SNUG107 Primary Health Care (10 decks)

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