Module 2 sem 1 exam (tissues, bone cells, and calcium homeostasis) Flashcards

1
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found? (look over image)

A

alveoli, glomeruli

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2
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found? (look over image)

A

uterus, kidney, lining of GI tract

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3
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found? (look over image)

A

liver, thyroid, salivary gland

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4
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium found? (look over image)

A

respiratory tract e.g. trachea

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5
Q

Where is keratinised stratified squamous epithelium found? (look over image)

A

epidermis of palms and soles

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6
Q

Where is non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium found? (look over image)

A

tongue, oesophagus

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7
Q

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found? (look over image)

A

sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles

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8
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found? (look over image)

A

ureter, bladder

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9
Q

Where is reticular tissue found? (Look over image)

A

lymph nodes, spleen

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10
Q

Where is areolar tissue found? (Look over image)

A

around blood vessels and nerves

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11
Q

Where is dense regular connective tissue found? (Look over image)

A

tendons and ligaments

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12
Q

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found? (Look over image)

A

deeper layer of skin

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13
Q

Where is adipose found? (Look over image)

A

breasts

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14
Q

Name the types of bone cells

A

Osteogenic
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

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15
Q

What are the functions for all four bone cells

A

Osteogenic cells: multiply continuously & give rise to most other bone cell types

Osteoblasts: bone-forming and reinforcing cells, secrete hormone osteocalcin

Osteocytes: former osteoblasts- deposited/trapped in matrix

Osteoclasts: bone-dissolving cells on bone surface

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16
Q

Describe the process of calcium homeostasis

A
  1. Ca2+ needed in neuronal comm., muscle contrac, blood clotting
  2. Most exist in hydroxyapatite, some in form easily exchanged in blood
  3. minerals deposited in skeleton & withdrawn when needed for other purposes
  4. Hypocalcaemia: deficiency Ca+ in blood
    -parathyroid hormone secreted
  5. Hypercalcemia: excessive Ca+ levels
    -calcitonin hormone secreted
17
Q

Describe the hormones used in calcium homeostasis and their functions

A

Calcitriol: most active form of vitamin D
-raises blood Ca+ level, essential for bone deposition

Calcitonin: secreted from cells of thyroid gland when high blood Ca+ levels
-lowers blood Ca+ conc. in two ways: inhibits/stimulates osteoblasts

Parathyroid hormone: released from parathyroid glands when blood Ca+ levels low
-promotes Ca+ reabsorption by kidneys - less lost in urine