Module 2 sem 1 exam (tissues, bone cells, and calcium homeostasis)

Question 1

Where is simple squamous epithelium found? (look over image)

Answer 1

alveoli, glomeruli

Question 2

Where is simple columnar epithelium found? (look over image)

Answer 2

uterus, kidney, lining of GI tract

Question 3

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found? (look over image)

Answer 3

liver, thyroid, salivary gland

Question 4

Where is pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium found? (look over image)

Answer 4

respiratory tract e.g. trachea

Question 5

Where is keratinised stratified squamous epithelium found? (look over image)

Answer 5

epidermis of palms and soles

Question 6

Where is non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium found? (look over image)

Answer 6

tongue, oesophagus

Question 7

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found? (look over image)

Answer 7

sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicles

Question 8

Where is transitional epithelium found? (look over image)

Answer 8

ureter, bladder

Question 9

Where is reticular tissue found? (Look over image)

Answer 9

lymph nodes, spleen

Question 10

Where is areolar tissue found? (Look over image)

Answer 10

around blood vessels and nerves

Question 11

Where is dense regular connective tissue found? (Look over image)

Answer 11

tendons and ligaments

Question 12

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found? (Look over image)

Answer 12

deeper layer of skin

Question 13

Where is adipose found? (Look over image)

Answer 13

breasts

Question 14

Name the types of bone cells

Answer 14

Osteogenic
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Question 15

What are the functions for all four bone cells

Answer 15

Osteogenic cells: multiply continuously & give rise to most other bone cell types

Osteoblasts: bone-forming and reinforcing cells, secrete hormone osteocalcin

Osteocytes: former osteoblasts- deposited/trapped in matrix

Osteoclasts: bone-dissolving cells on bone surface

Question 16

Describe the process of calcium homeostasis

Answer 16

1. Ca2+ needed in neuronal comm., muscle contrac, blood clotting
2. Most exist in hydroxyapatite, some in form easily exchanged in blood
3. minerals deposited in skeleton & withdrawn when needed for other purposes
4. Hypocalcaemia: deficiency Ca+ in blood
   -parathyroid hormone secreted
5. Hypercalcemia: excessive Ca+ levels
   -calcitonin hormone secreted

Question 17

Describe the hormones used in calcium homeostasis and their functions

Answer 17

Calcitriol: most active form of vitamin D
-raises blood Ca+ level, essential for bone deposition

Calcitonin: secreted from cells of thyroid gland when high blood Ca+ levels
-lowers blood Ca+ conc. in two ways: inhibits/stimulates osteoblasts

Parathyroid hormone: released from parathyroid glands when blood Ca+ levels low
-promotes Ca+ reabsorption by kidneys - less lost in urine