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MD 1 - Block 4 (Musculoskeletal) > Module 2 Random Recalls - Vertebral Column and Thorax > Flashcards

Module 2 Random Recalls - Vertebral Column and Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Composition of Vertebral Column

A 
Cervical - Seven
Thoracic - Twelve
Lumbar - Five
Sacral - Five (fused in adult)
Coccyx - Four (fused in adult)
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2
Q

Atypical Vertebra

A

C1, C2, C7, T1, T10, T11, T12, L5

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3
Q

Atlas (C1)

A

No body
No spinous process
Has lateral mass on each side

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4
Q

Axis (C2)

A

Has peg-like odontoid process called dens

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5
Q

Vertebra prominens (C7)

A

Has the longest spinous process
Spinous process not bifid
Palpable

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6
Q

Vertebral Column

A

Infant - 33

Adult - 26

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7
Q

Number of Intervertebral discs

A

23 (Adult)

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8
Q

Components of Intervertebral Discs

A

Nucleus Pulposus - gel-like gel-like matrix with high water content
Annulus fibrous - surrounds nucleus and serves as shock absorber

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9
Q

4 articulations in a typical vertebra

A

Superior articulation - 2

Anterior articulation - 2

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10
Q

Curvatures of Spinal Column

A 
Primary curvatures (kyphosis) – thoracic and sacral curvatures
Secondary curvatures (lordosis) –  cervical and lumbar curvatures
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11
Q

Typical Cervical Vertebrae

A

Body is small
Vert. Foramen is triangular in shape
Bifid spinous process

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12
Q

Typical Thoracic Vertebrae

A

Body is triangular in shape
Vert. Foramen is circular
Spinous process is long and inclined downward

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13
Q

Typical Lumbar Vertebrae

A

Body is kidney-shaped
Vert. Foramen is triangular
Spinous process is short and quadrilateral

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14
Q

Zygapophyseal joint

A

Between superior and inferior facets of adjacent vertebrae

Allow gliding movements between the vertebrae

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15
Q

Major Ligaments of Vert. Col. (at the AO joint)

A

Anterior AA membrane

Posterior AA membrane (aka Ligamentum Flavum)

Ligamentum flavum - strong, pain-sensitive, fibrous structure, connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae

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16
Q

Major Ligaments of Vert. Col. (at the AA joint)

A

Apical ligament
Alar ligament
Cruciate ligament
Membrana tectoria

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17
Q

Main Ligament of Vertebral Column (running thru vertebral bodies)

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL) - strongly attached, restricts hyperextension of trunk

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL) - weak, narrow, restricts hyperflexion, prevent the herniation of the intervertebral discs

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18
Q

Main Ligament of Vertebral Column (running bet vertebral arches)

A

Supraspinous - run bet tips of adjacent spine

INterspinous - connects adjacent spines

INtertransverse - bet adjacent transverse process

Ligamentum flavum (“flamina”) - connect laminae of adj vertebra

19
Q

Main Joints of the Vertebral Column

A

Atlanto-Occipital Joints (“AO”) - formed between C1 and occiput, movement for nodding (saying “yes”), flexion, extension, and lateral flexion only (no rotation)

Atlantoaxial Joints (“AA”) - formed between C1 and C2, rotation motion, movement for saying “no”

20
Q

Joints between 2 vertebral bodies

A

vertebral bodies covered by hyaline cartilages

sandwich between plates of hyaline cartilage is an intervertebral disc of fibrocartilage

21
Q

Joints between 2 vertebral arches

A

synovial joint,

formed by superior and inferior articular process of adjacent vertebrae

22
Q

Motions of vertebral column

A

flexion
extension
lateral flexion/side bending
rotation

23
Q

Sacral Hiatus

A

Spinous process of the 5th sacral vertebra which did not form

Site of caudal anesthetic injections given just before childbirth

24
Q

Parts of line of normal posture

A 
C1-C7 vertebral bodies
T10 vertebral body
Lumbosacral junction
Common axis of hip joint
Front of SI joint
Knee joint
Front of ankle joint
25
Q

Spinal cord

A

A cylindrical, grayish white structure

Begins at the foramen magnum

Continuous with the medulla oblongata of the brain

Terminates inferiorly in the adult at the level of the lower border of the first vertebra

26
Q

Region of Spinal Cord

A

Cervical region - gives origin to the
brachial plexus

Lower thoracic and lumbar regions – give origin to the lumbosacral plexus

27
Q

Meninges of Spinal Cord

A

Dura mater:
Most external membrane Dense, strong, fibrous sheet Encloses the spinal cord and cauda equina
Extends along each nerve root

Arachnoid mater:
Separated from the deep pia mater by a wide space, the subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Pia mater:
Vascular membrane that covers the spinal cord
Fuses with the filum terminale

Forms the ligamentum denticulatum when thickened

28
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Clear, colorless fluid formed mainly by the choroid plexuses, within the lateral, third and fourth ventricles of the brain

29
Q

Blood supply of Spinal Cord

A

Posterior spinal arteries (2)
Anterior spinal artery (1)

Radicular arteries – reinforce the posterior and anterior spinal arteries

Internal vertebral venous plexus – venous drainage of the spinal cord vein

30
Q

Bony components of the Thoracic Cage

A

Costae
Sternum
12 thoracic vertebrae

31
Q

Categories of Ribs

A

True (vertebrosternal) ribs – first 7 pairs of ribs

False ribs:
a) Vertebrochondral – 8th, 9th, 10th ribs

b) Floating (vertebral) ribs – 11th and 12th ribs

32
Q

Parts of the Sternum

A

Manubrium – upper part of sternum (T3-T4 level)

Body – T5- T8 level

Xiphoid process – thin plate of cartilage that becomes ossified at its proximal end during adult life (T10 level)

33
Q

Joints in the sternum

A

Manubriosternal joint (T3) - articulates body with manubrium

Xiphisternal joint (T10) - articulates xiphoid process with body of sternum

34
Q

Sternal Angle (Angle of Louis)

A

Angle between manubrium and body of sternum

Found at second costal cartilages

point at which counting of ribs starts

T4-T5

35
Q

Subcostal Angle

A

found at the inferior end of sternum

found between the sternal attachments of 7th costal cartilages

36
Q

Roots of Spinal Nerves

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Divided into anterior (motor roots) and posterior (sensory roots)

37
Q

Posterior root ganglion

A

cells that give rise to peripheral and central nerve fibers

38
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

where spinal nerves passes and unite to form a spinal nerve

39
Q

Posterior Rootlets and Roots

A

carry sensory (afferent) impulses from spinal nerves to spinal cord

40
Q

Anterior Rootlets and Roots

A

carry motor (efferent) impulses from spinal cord to spinal nerves

41
Q

Regions of Spinal Cord

A

Cervical region - gives origin to brachial plexus

Lower thoracic and lumbar regions - give origin to lumbosacral plexus

42
Q

Anterior cervical landmarks

A

Hyoid - C3

Thyroid - C4

Cricoid - C6

43
Q

Anterior and Posterior Landmarks of Spine (thoracolumbosacral)

A

*Sing in tune nga gin tudlo ni jesah

Posterior:
T2 - superior angle
T3 - scapular spine
T7 - inferior angle
L4 - iliac crest
L5 - tubercle (iliac crest)
S2 - Post. Sup. Iliac Spine

Anterior:
T10 - xiphoid process

MD 1 - Block 4 (Musculoskeletal) (3 decks)

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