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MD 1 - Block 4 (Musculoskeletal) > Module 2 Random Recalls - Head and Neck > Flashcards

Module 2 Random Recalls - Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Several separate bones united at immobile joints called ________. Except, _______ which is united to the skull by the mobile ___________.

A

Sutures, Mandible, TMJ

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2
Q

layer of spongy bone separating the external and internal tables of the skull

A

Diploë

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3
Q

Layers of the SCALP

A 
S- Skin
C- Connective Tissue Layer
A- Aponeurosis
L- Loose Connective Tissue
P- Periosteum
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4
Q

__________ forms the roof and side walls of the cranial cavity; ________ is the lowest part of the cranium and forms the floor of the cranial cavity

A

Skull vault (calvarium); Base

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5
Q

2 divisions of cranium

A

Neurocranium/ cranial vault or calvaria Facial cranium/visceral cranium

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6
Q

NEUROCRANIUM • Composed of 8 bones

What are these bones? Classify if it’s paired or unpaired

A

PAIRED LATERAL BONES
• Temporal (2) from the side
• Parietal (2)

UNPAIRED MIDLINE BONES 
• Frontal (1)  will fuse in the adult form that’s why it becomes one
• Occipital (1) 
• Ethmoid (1) 
• Sphenoid (1)
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7
Q

FACIAL CRANIUM

Classify if it’s paired or unpaired

A 
PAIRED BONES 
• Zygomatic  
• Maxillae 
• Nasal 
• Lacrimal 
• Palatine 
• Inferior conchae

UNPAIRED BONES
• Vomer
• Mandible

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8
Q

Diamoned-shaped
Closes at 18 months
Forms the bregma

A

Anterior fontanelle

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9
Q

Triangle-shaped

Forms the lambda

A

Posterior fontanelle

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10
Q

Identify the sutures responsible for:

  1. Frontal-parietal
  2. Parietal-parietal
  3. Parietal-occipital
A
  1. Coronal
  2. Sagittal
  3. Lambdoid
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11
Q

Articulations of the frontal bone

A
  1. Frontal processes of maxilla and with nasal bones (Medially)
  2. Zygomatic bone (Laterally)
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12
Q

Smooth part of forehead found between eyebrows

A

Glabella

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13
Q

Borders of the orbital margins are as follows:

A
  1. Frontal bone (superior)
  2. Maxilla (inferior)
  3. Zygomatic bone (lateral)
  4. Processes of maxilla and frontal bone (medial)
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14
Q

___________ are paired bones forming the bridge of the nose; nasal cavity is divided into two by _________

A

Nasal bones; nasal septum

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15
Q

Shelves of bone that projects into the nasal cavity from the ethmoid on each side

A

Superior and middle conchae

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16
Q

Upper jaw
Anterior part of hard palate
Part of lateral walls of nasal cavities
Part of the floors of orbital cavities

The following are structures formed by _________

A

Paired maxillae

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17
Q

Two maxillae meet in the midline at the ___________

A

Intermaxillary suture

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18
Q

Project downward in the maxilla and found at each side

A

Alveolar processes

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19
Q

Articulations of zygomatic bone (cheek bone) are:

A

Maxilla (medially)

Zygomatic processes of temporal bone (laterally)

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20
Q

Consists of horizontal body and two vertical rami, body and angle

A

Mandible (lower jaw)

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21
Q

Squamous, tympanic, mastoid process, styloid process, and zygomatic process

The following are parts of ___________

A

Temporal bone

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22
Q

The following bones complete the skull at the side

A

Squamous part of the occipital bone
Parts of the temporal bone
Greater wing of the sphenoid

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23
Q

Vertical opening that lies within the fossa between the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and back of the maxilla

A

Pterygomaxillary fissure

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24
Q

Pterygopalatine fossa communicates with:

A

Infratemporal fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure (laterally)
Nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen (medially)
Cranial cavity through the foramen rotundum (superiorly)

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25
Q

Composition of Vertebral Column

A 
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral- 5 (fuses in adult)
Coccyx - 4 (fuses in adult)
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26
Q

Weak spot of the skull; where the anteroinferior corner of the parietal bone articulates with sphenoid, temporal, and frontal

A

Pterion

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27
Q

Roughened elevation at the midline of the occipital bone which gives attachment to muscles and the ligamentum nuchae

It has also lines which extent laterally toward the temporal bone on either side of the protuberance. What are these lines?

A

External occipital protuberance

Superior nuchae lines

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28
Q

Projects downward and forward from behind the ear

A

Mastoid process

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29
Q

Lies anterior and medial to the mastoid process and gives attachment to several muscles and ligaments

A

Styloid process

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30
Q

Atypical Vertebrae:

A

C1, C2, C7, T1, T10, T11, T12, L5

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31
Q

Formed by the medial end of the petrous part of temporal bone, basilar part of occipital bone, and greater wing of the sphenoid; only a few small structures pass through it

A

Foramen Lacerum

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32
Q

Formed by the deep notch of the petrous part of temporal bone and the shallower notch on occipital bone

A

Jugular Foramen

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33
Q

Atlas (C1)

A

No body
No spinous process
Has Lateral mass on each side

34
Q

Large, rounded prominences on either side of the foramen magnum; this structure also attaches to atlas

A

Occipital Condyles

35
Q

Axis (C2)

A

Has peg-like odontoid process called dens

36
Q

Where hypoglossal nerve traverses; found anterosuperior to the occipital condyle

A

Hypoglossal canal

37
Q

A sharp upward projection of the ethmoid bone in the midline for the attachment of the falx cerebri

A

Crista Galli

38
Q

Vertebra prominens (C7)

A

Has the longest spinous process

No bifid spinous process

39
Q

Holes for blood vessels

A

Vascular Grooves

40
Q

Components of Intervertebral Discs

A

Nucleus pulposus - gel-like matrix with high water content

Annulus fibrous - surrounds the nucleus (shock absorber)

41
Q

Identify the fossa

Borders
Anterior border: inner surface of frontal bone
Posterior border: lesser wing of the sphenoid

A

Anterior cranial fossa

42
Q

Identify the fossa

Borders
Anterior border: superior borders of the petrous parts of temporal bone
Posterior border: squamous part of occipital bone

A

Posterior cranial fossa

43
Q

Primary curvatures (kyphotic)

A

Thoracic and sacral curvatures

44
Q

Secondary Curvatures (Lordosis)

A

Cervical and lumbar curvatures

45
Q

Identify the fossa

Borders
Anterior border: lesser wings of the sphenoid
Posterior border: superior borders of the petrous parts of temporal bones

A

Middle cranial fossa

46
Q

What passes through the perforations in cribiform plate?

A

Olfactory nerves

47
Q

Olfactory nerve and ophthalmic artery were transmitted by what opening in the skull?

A

Optic canal

48
Q

Oculomotor, trochlear, nasociliary, frontal, frontal, lacrimal, abducens nerves and superior ophthalmic vein pass through the ________

A

Superior orbital fissure

49
Q

Foramen rotundum transmits _______

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

50
Q

Foramen ovale transmits ________

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and lesser petrosal nerve

51
Q

Foramen spinosum transmits __________

A

Middle meningeal artery

52
Q

Medulla oblongata, spinal part of accessory nerve and right and left vertebral arteries are transmitted by __________

A

Foramen Magnum

53
Q

Hypoglossal canal transmits ____________

A

Hypoglossal nerve

54
Q

Glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory nerves, and internal jugular vein are transmitted by ___________

A

Jugular foramen

55
Q

Internal acoustic meatus transmits _____________

A

Facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

56
Q

Perforations in cribiform plate are found in __________ Cranial Fossa

A

Anterior

57
Q 
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Foramen lacerum

The following openings are found in _____________

A

Middle Cranial Fossa

58
Q

Foramen magnum
Hypoglossal canal
Jugular foramen
Internal acoustic meatus

The following openings are found in ___________

A

Posterior Cranial Fossa

59
Q

TRUE / FALSE

Modification of facial expression is the primary function of facial muscles. Its secondary function is to serve as sphincters or dilators of these structures.

A

FALSE

The main function of the facial muscles is to serve as sphincters or dilators of these structures. Modification of facial expression is its secondary function

60
Q

TRUE / FALSE

All facial muscles are developed from the second pharyngeal arch and supplied by the facial nerve.

A

TRUE

61
Q

Circular muscle around the eye wherein when ligament contracts and shortens it causes eyes to squint and skin around the eyes to fold

Insertion and origin: Medial palpebral ligament

A

Orbicularis oculi

62
Q

Identify the muscle

“Frown lines”
Raises the eyebrow
It is absent at the middle, so creases are not observed at that part.

A

Frontalis muscle

63
Q

Identify the muscles responsible for:

“Glabellar Frown Lines”
Produces the 11 line between the eyebrows

A

Procerus – when it contracts, it lowers the medial eyebrow and produce creasing

Corrugator supercilii – triangular muscles on the lateral end of procerus; when it contracts, it makes the medial side of the eyebrow meet together

64
Q

What are these smiling muscles which pull lips upwards producing a smile

A

Zygomaticus minor

Zygomaticus major

65
Q

Facial muscles which produce upward movement from the corner of the mouth

A

Levator Labi superioris

Levator Anguli Oris

65
Q

Facial muscles which produce downward movement of the from the corner of the mouth

A

Depressor Anguli Oris (DAO)

Depressor Labi Inferioris

66
Q

Antagonistic muscles responsible for Eyebrow Shaping

A

Frontalis – pull upward

Orbicularis oculi – pulls downward

67
Q

“Bunny Lines”

Wrinkles found in the nose produced by __________

A

Produced by Levator Labii Superioris Alequae Nasi (LLSAN) and Nasalis

68
Q

What muscle is responsible for “Gummy Smile” or Smile that show more gums?

A

Levator Labii Superioris Alequae Nasi (LLSAN)

- Muscle pulls a little bit more upward

69
Q

A circular muscle around the mouth responsible for “Smoker’s Lines”

A

Orbicularis oris

70
Q

Marionette’s Lines are produced by _________ which pulls the skin downward and forward

A

Depressor Anguli Oris (DAO)

71
Q

Cobblestone chin is caused by ___________ which pulls the skin of the chin upward and underneath causing wrinkling

A

Mentalis muscle

72
Q

What wrinkling is referred to when the platysma muscle in the neck produces a very prominent creasing. Muscle is very active yet the skin is very loose.

A

Turkey Gobbler Neck

73
Q

Masseter muscle
Temporalis
Medial Pretygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

These are muscles of __________
Identify the 3 muscles that produce closure of the jaw and 1 muscle responsible for opening of the jaw

A

Mastication

Closes the Jaw:
Masseter muscle
Temporalis
Medial Pretygoid

Opens the Jaw:
Lateral Pterygoid

74
Q

____________ is the major salivary gland which produces majority of stimulated saliva. Afterwhich, it transports saliva to __________ duct which carries it inward into the mouth and pierces through the Buccinator muscle

A

Parotid Glands

Stensen’s Duct

75
Q

___________ gland produces majority of unstimulated saliva (at rest) and transports it to ________ duct

A

Submandibular Gland

Wharton’s duct

76
Q

__________ is a minor salivary glands found underneath the lingua or the tounge and it drains to ____________

A

Sublingual glands

Ducts of Rivinus

77
Q

Very big muscle used as a line guide since it divides the neck into the posterior and anterior regions

A

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (SCM)

NTK:
Has 2 bellies:
1. Connects sternum and mastoid
2. Connects clavilc and mastoid

78
Q

Big muscle that spand the back of the neck, shoulder and the back; inserts into the back of the head, shoulders and the lower back

A

Trapezius – “Traps”

79
Q

Anterior, middle and posterior muscles at the neck

A

Scalene

80
Q

There is a gap between Anterior and Middle scalene because it is where the __________ and __________ insert and exist the neck

A

Subclavian artery

Brachial plexus

MD 1 - Block 4 (Musculoskeletal) (3 decks)

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