Module 1 Exam (Recalls)

Question 1

In what layer of the epidermis do the melanocytes reside after their differentiation from neural crest cells?

Answer 1

Stratum Basale

Question 2

The dermal layer located at posterior forearm is derived from what mesodermal layer?

Answer 2

Lateral plate mesoderm

Question 3

All of the following are characteristics of Eccrine sweat glands, EXCEPT:

Answer 3

Usually found in the axilla and pubic regions

Question 4

Somites and somitomeres give rise to what type of muscle?

Answer 4

Striated

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly describes the cardiac muscle?

Answer 5

presence of specialized junctions that coordinates, intercalated discs for coordinated muscle contraction

Question 6

What nerve innervates the craniofacial muscles of the tongue coming from somite 2-5?

Answer 6

hypoglossal

Question 7

These are cells in the epidermis with immunologic function.

Answer 7

Langerhans

Question 8

This is NOT true of cardiac muscle

Answer 8

Several peripherally located nucleus

Question 9

This is the connective tissue sheath that encloses each muscle fiber.

Answer 9

Endomysium

Question 10

One of the following structures will not show hair follicles on microscopic examination.

Answer 10

Labia minora

Question 11

This substance facilitates the influx of calcium ion into the smooth muscle sarcoplasm.

Answer 11

Calmodulin

Question 12

This is the pacemaker of cardiac muscle fibers.

Answer 12

SA node

Question 13

This serves as sequestering agent for storage of calcium in the reticulum of skeletal muscles..

Answer 13

Calciquestrin

Question 14

This is a cytokine in the skin that influence epidermal growth and differentiation.

Answer 14

Interleukin-I alpha

Question 15

This is made up of neurons, axon and the muscle that it innervates.

Answer 15

Motor unit

Question 16

Match the characteristic on the left column with the epidermal layer on the right.

a. generates new cells
b. polygonal cells with tonofibrils
c. usually absent in thin skin

Answer 16

a. Stratum Basale
b. Stratum Spinosum
c. Stratum Lucidum

Question 17

Which of the following does NOT characterize a SPURT muscle ?

a. distal attachment close to the joint axis
b. distal attachment that is far from the joint axis
c. relatively large rotatory component
d. proximal attachment that is far from the joint axis

Answer 17

distal attachment that is far from the joint axis

Question 18

The portion of a long bone where growth occurs :

Answer 18

epiphyseal plate

Question 19

Each muscle cell in a muscle is surrounded by :

Answer 19

endomysium

Question 20

Which of the following is true of a closed kinematic chain motion?

a. the distal part is fixed
b. the distal part is free to move
c. motion of the proximal part occurs in an unpredictable manner
d. the proximal part is fixed

Answer 20

the distal part is fixed

Question 21

Which of the following events do not occur in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?

a. release of Ca++ into the cytosol
b. shortening of the sarcomere
c. depolarization of the sarcolemma & T-tubules
d. cross-bridge binding

Answer 21

shortening of the sarcomere

Question 22

For muscle contraction to begin, the actin active site must first be uncovered by Ca++ binding to :

Answer 22

troponin C

Question 23

In which joint position are joint surfaces maximally congruent?

Answer 23

close-packed position

Question 24

During neuromuscular transmission of an action potential, which structure facilitates the spread of the action potential to the interior of the muscle fiber?

Answer 24

T-tubule

Question 25

The portion of the sarcomere that includes only actin filaments is the :

Answer 25

Isotropic band

Question 26

Which of the following characterizes a Type IIB muscle fiber ?

Answer 26

largest motor neuron size

Question 27

In the 1st sternocostal joint, the sternum & 1st rib are united by which tissue ?

Answer 27

hyaline growth cartilage

Question 28

When a convex surface moves on a stable concave surface, the sliding of the convex surface occurs in which direction, relative to the motion of the bony lever?

Answer 28

opposite direction

Question 29

Which type of muscle fiber is found in higher proportion in postural muscles ?

Answer 29

type I

Question 30

More muscle force is generated in which of the following conditions? a. when the when the weight arm (WA) length is shorter than the force arm (FA) length b. faster speed of contraction c. when the muscle is shortened d. smaller physiologic cross-section

Answer 30

when the when the weight arm (WA) length is shorter than the force arm (FA) length

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a fibrous joint? a. gomphosis joint b. synchondrosis joint c. syndesmosis joint d. suture joint

Answer 31

synchondrosis joint

Question 32

Which of the following is not a feature of a diarthrosis? a. a fibrous joint capsule b. hyaline cartilage binds the 2 bones together c. synovial fluid that forms a film over the joint surfaces d. fatpads & menisci

Answer 32

hyaline cartilage binds the 2 bones together

Question 33

In which type of joint is each joint surface both concave & convex? a. suture joint b. ovoid joint c. plane joint d. sellar joint

Answer 33

sellar joint

Question 34

In which type of muscle do the fascicles lie parallel to the line of action of the muscle? a. circular muscle b. sphincteral muscle c. pennate muscle d. fusiform muscle

Answer 34

fusiform muscle

Question 35

True of Osteoporosis, except: a. Chronic steroid intake is a secondary cause b. Reduction of bone mass density c. Increased osteoblastic activity over osteoclastic activity d. Loss of estrogen is critical

Answer 35

Increased osteoblastic activity over osteoclastic activity

Question 36

A positive calcium balance is expected among: a. Post menopausal women b. Pregnancy c. Lactation d. Growing children

Answer 36

Growing children

Question 37

Which enzyme is regulated by the parathyroid hormone in the synthesis of active Vit D3? a. 7-apha hydroxylase b. 1-alpha hydroxylase c. 1,25-calciferase d. 25-calciferase

Answer 37

1-alpha hydroxylase

Question 38

Malou, a 35 year old nurse is diagnosed with a parathyroid adenoma. Which of the following is not true regarding her condition? a. Chvostek’s sign is demonstrated b. Risk of fractures is increased due to increased bone resorption c. Increased risk for kidney stones due to hypercalciuria d. Excess production of PTH

Answer 38

Chvostek’s sign is demonstrated

Question 39

Which of the following statements is not true? a. 99 % of Calcium is in mineralized tissues. b. Majority of the inorganic phosphates are in the mineralized tissues. c. Calcium outside the bones are usually found intracellularly. d. Phosphates are usually found intracellularly.

Answer 39

Calcium outside the bones are usually found intracellularly.

Question 40

Actions of vitamin D3, except: a. Increases renal calcium reabsorption b. Increases intestinal phosphate absorption c. Increases renal phosphate excretion d. Increases intestinal Calcium absorption

Answer 40

Increases renal phosphate excretion

Question 41

Which of the following statements about the parathyroid hormone is correct? a. It is released from the colloid cells of the parathyroid gland. b. It binds to a nuclear membrane receptor of its target cells. c. A Calcium sensing receptor triggers its release. d. It is a steroid hormone.

Answer 41

A Calcium sensing receptor triggers its release.

Question 42

This is the most active form of Vitamin D: a. 1,25-OHcholecalciferol b. 7-dehydrocholesterol c. Cholecalciferol d. 25-OHcholecalciferol

Answer 42

1,25-OHcholecalciferol

Question 43

This epidermally-derived layer of the hair contributes to the growth of the hair. What is the actively growing layer called?

Answer 43

epithelial hair sheath

Question 44

Which of these is an example of an apocrine sweat gland?

Answer 44

breast tissue

Question 45

Tendons which serve to attach muscles to bone are derived from what structure?

Answer 45

sclerotome