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MD 1 - Block 4 (Musculoskeletal) > Module 1 Exam (Recalls) > Flashcards

Module 1 Exam (Recalls) Flashcards

1
Q

In what layer of the epidermis do the melanocytes reside after their differentiation from neural crest cells?

A

Stratum Basale

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2
Q

The dermal layer located at posterior forearm is derived from what mesodermal layer?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

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3
Q

All of the following are characteristics of Eccrine sweat glands, EXCEPT:

A

Usually found in the axilla and pubic regions

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4
Q

Somites and somitomeres give rise to what type of muscle?

A

Striated

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5
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes the cardiac muscle?

A

presence of specialized junctions that coordinates, intercalated discs for coordinated muscle contraction

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6
Q

What nerve innervates the craniofacial muscles of the tongue coming from somite 2-5?

A

hypoglossal

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7
Q

These are cells in the epidermis with immunologic function.

A

Langerhans

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8
Q

This is NOT true of cardiac muscle

A

Several peripherally located nucleus

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9
Q

This is the connective tissue sheath that encloses each muscle fiber.

A

Endomysium

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10
Q

One of the following structures will not show hair follicles on microscopic examination.

A

Labia minora

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11
Q

This substance facilitates the influx of calcium ion into the smooth muscle sarcoplasm.

A

Calmodulin

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12
Q

This is the pacemaker of cardiac muscle fibers.

A

SA node

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13
Q

This serves as sequestering agent for storage of calcium in the reticulum of skeletal muscles..

A

Calciquestrin

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14
Q

This is a cytokine in the skin that influence epidermal growth and differentiation.

A

Interleukin-I alpha

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15
Q

This is made up of neurons, axon and the muscle that it innervates.

A

Motor unit

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16
Q

Match the characteristic on the left column with the epidermal layer on the right.

a. generates new cells
b. polygonal cells with tonofibrils
c. usually absent in thin skin

A

a. Stratum Basale
b. Stratum Spinosum
c. Stratum Lucidum

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17
Q

Which of the following does NOT characterize a SPURT muscle ?

a. distal attachment close to the joint axis
b. distal attachment that is far from the joint axis
c. relatively large rotatory component
d. proximal attachment that is far from the joint axis

A

distal attachment that is far from the joint axis

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18
Q

The portion of a long bone where growth occurs :

A

epiphyseal plate

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19
Q

Each muscle cell in a muscle is surrounded by :

A

endomysium

20
Q

Which of the following is true of a closed kinematic chain motion?

a. the distal part is fixed
b. the distal part is free to move
c. motion of the proximal part occurs in an unpredictable manner
d. the proximal part is fixed

A

the distal part is fixed

21
Q

Which of the following events do not occur in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?

a. release of Ca++ into the cytosol
b. shortening of the sarcomere
c. depolarization of the sarcolemma & T-tubules
d. cross-bridge binding

A

shortening of the sarcomere

22
Q

For muscle contraction to begin, the actin active site must first be uncovered by Ca++ binding to :

A

troponin C

23
Q

In which joint position are joint surfaces maximally congruent?

A

close-packed position

24
Q

During neuromuscular transmission of an action potential, which structure facilitates the spread of the action potential to the interior of the muscle fiber?

A

T-tubule

25
Q

The portion of the sarcomere that includes only actin filaments is the :

A

Isotropic band

26
Q

Which of the following characterizes a Type IIB muscle fiber ?

A

largest motor neuron size

27
Q

In the 1st sternocostal joint, the sternum & 1st rib are united by which tissue ?

A

hyaline growth cartilage

28
Q

When a convex surface moves on a stable concave surface, the sliding of the convex surface occurs in which direction, relative to the motion of the bony lever?

A

opposite direction

29
Q

Which type of muscle fiber is found in higher proportion in postural muscles ?

A

type I

30
Q

More muscle force is generated in which of the following conditions?

a. when the when the weight arm (WA) length is shorter than the force arm (FA) length
b. faster speed of contraction
c. when the muscle is shortened
d. smaller physiologic cross-section

A

when the when the weight arm (WA) length is shorter than the force arm (FA) length

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT a fibrous joint?

a. gomphosis joint
b. synchondrosis joint
c. syndesmosis joint
d. suture joint

A

synchondrosis joint

32
Q

Which of the following is not a feature of a diarthrosis?

a. a fibrous joint capsule
b. hyaline cartilage binds the 2 bones together
c. synovial fluid that forms a film over the joint surfaces
d. fatpads & menisci

A

hyaline cartilage binds the 2 bones together

33
Q

In which type of joint is each joint surface both concave & convex?

a. suture joint
b. ovoid joint
c. plane joint
d. sellar joint

A

sellar joint

34
Q

In which type of muscle do the fascicles lie parallel to the line of action of the muscle?

a. circular muscle
b. sphincteral muscle
c. pennate muscle
d. fusiform muscle

A

fusiform muscle

35
Q

True of Osteoporosis, except:

a. Chronic steroid intake is a secondary cause
b. Reduction of bone mass density
c. Increased osteoblastic activity over osteoclastic activity
d. Loss of estrogen is critical

A

Increased osteoblastic activity over osteoclastic activity

36
Q

A positive calcium balance is expected among:

a. Post menopausal women b. Pregnancy
c. Lactation
d. Growing children

A

Growing children

37
Q

Which enzyme is regulated by the parathyroid hormone in the synthesis of active Vit D3?

a. 7-apha hydroxylase
b. 1-alpha hydroxylase
c. 1,25-calciferase
d. 25-calciferase

A

1-alpha hydroxylase

38
Q

Malou, a 35 year old nurse is diagnosed with a parathyroid adenoma. Which of the following is not true regarding her condition?

a. Chvostek’s sign is demonstrated
b. Risk of fractures is increased due to increased bone resorption
c. Increased risk for kidney stones due to hypercalciuria
d. Excess production of PTH

A

Chvostek’s sign is demonstrated

39
Q

Which of the following statements is not true?

a. 99 % of Calcium is in mineralized tissues.
b. Majority of the inorganic phosphates are in the mineralized tissues.
c. Calcium outside the bones are usually found intracellularly.
d. Phosphates are usually found intracellularly.

A

Calcium outside the bones are usually found intracellularly.

40
Q

Actions of vitamin D3, except:

a. Increases renal calcium reabsorption
b. Increases intestinal phosphate absorption
c. Increases renal phosphate excretion
d. Increases intestinal Calcium absorption

A

Increases renal phosphate excretion

41
Q

Which of the following statements about the parathyroid hormone is correct?

a. It is released from the colloid cells of the parathyroid gland.
b. It binds to a nuclear membrane receptor of its target cells.
c. A Calcium sensing receptor triggers its release.
d. It is a steroid hormone.

A

A Calcium sensing receptor triggers its release.

42
Q

This is the most active form of Vitamin D:

a. 1,25-OHcholecalciferol
b. 7-dehydrocholesterol
c. Cholecalciferol
d. 25-OHcholecalciferol

A

1,25-OHcholecalciferol

43
Q

This epidermally-derived layer of the hair contributes to the growth of the hair. What is the actively growing layer called?

A

epithelial hair sheath

44
Q

Which of these is an example of an apocrine sweat gland?

A

breast tissue

45
Q

Tendons which serve to attach muscles to bone are derived from what structure?

A

sclerotome

MD 1 - Block 4 (Musculoskeletal) (3 decks)

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