Module 2: Pretesting

Question 1

PIPEDA

Answer 1

Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act

Question 2

The reason for the visit

Answer 2

Cheif complaint

Question 3

FOLDAR

Answer 3

-Frequency
-Onset
-Laterality
-Duration
-Association
-Remediation

Question 4

Personal medical history

Answer 4

• required to document GP and last exam
  -Medications and route of administration/dose/frequency

Question 5

-measurement of clarity/sharpness of eyes resolving power
-20 ft of 6 m (mirrored 10ft/3m)
-can be calibrated with projectors
-less than 15ft cause artifially high results

Answer 5

Visual aquity

Question 6

ability to distinguish two separate objects

Answer 6

Resolution

Question 7

-universal acuity chart
-5 x5 originally
-5x4 with 1 unit gap (current)

Answer 7

Snellen chart

Question 8

• no illumination/ reduces contrast
  -imperative chart angle same as patient

Answer 8

Projected VA charts

Question 9

VA pupil size

Answer 9

-large pupils artificially decrease VA results
-small pupils artificially increase VA results
-ideal pupil size 2-5mm
-lighting should be mildly dim

Question 10

VA procedure

Answer 10

-px should not preview
-start with uncorrected distance
-start with OD
- occlude opposite at distance of 1-2cm
-px read until misses 1 or more letters
- change letters before OS
- lastly test both eyes together
-repeat with glasses/rx

Question 11

Near VA

Answer 11

-identical procedure to distance VA
-test distance vary on px habitual working distance
-standard test distance 40cm/16in
- Jaeger type/J type is used instead of Snellen
- adjust room to bright overhead lighting

Question 12

-VA at 20 feet
- what normally can be seen at 20 feet
- doesn’t mean perfect vision
- indicates clarity or sharpness at distance

Answer 12

20/20 vision

Question 13

-VA chart for children
- px who don’t know the alphabet

Answer 13

Allen and Lea symbols

Question 14

• px that don’t speak english

Answer 14

Landolt C and Tumbling E

Question 15

• CDC regulated control of infections/virus/pathogens
• does not apply to tears (unless visible blood)

Answer 15

Universal precautions

Question 16

Handwashing

Answer 16

• 20 seconds long
• rinse warm water
  -dry with fresh paper towel
  -alternate use alcohol rubs

Question 17

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Answer 17

• forms barrier between px
• sterile gloves with sterile body parts
  -exam gloves with mucous membranes
  -lab coats
  -masks

Question 18

Masks PPE

Answer 18

-surgical masks for talking/coughing/sneezing
- resporators for infected px
-N: not resistant to oil
-R: resistant to oil
-P: oil proof
-filter levels 95% and 99.97%

Question 19

-Critical (objects penetrate skin/mucous)
-Semi-Critical (non-intact skin/intact mucous)
-Noncritical (px doesn’t touch/ intact skin)

Answer 19

Spaulding’s classification system

Question 20

-Autoclave
- Hydrogen peroxide 3% (10 mins)
-1/10 bleach ( 10 mins)
-70% ethanol/isopropyl (10 mins)
-chemical germicide (10 mins)
- must be rinsed in water and dried before next use

Answer 20

Spaulding’s cleaning system

Question 21

• use for gonioscpoic CL
  -tonometer bi-prisms

Answer 21

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 22

-Hard(PMMA) 3% HP or 78-80 centigrade 10 mins
-Gas Permeable (GP) 3% HP, no heat
-Soft approved HP solution or heat

Answer 22

CL disinfection

Question 23

Study page 16 chart

Question 24

• defects are congenital or acquired
  -males more commonly affected 8%
  -females 0.6%

Answer 24

Colour vision

Question 25

- 3 cone types (blue,green,red) - trichromatic

Answer 25

Normal colour vision

Question 26

-green deficiency -green/purple -red/purple

Answer 26

Deuteranomly

Question 27

-red deficiency -red/green -blue/green

Answer 27

Protanomly

Question 28

-Blue deficiency -blue/green -yellow/green

Answer 28

Tritanomaly

Question 29

can see two primary cones

Answer 29

Dichromatic

Question 30

Grey scale colour vision

Answer 30

Achromatopsia

Question 31

-pseudo-isochromatic plates -only red/green issues -cant prove trichromat/dichromate -preferred Macbeth Illuminat C lamp -Alt. daylight/fluorescent -dont use tungsten

Answer 31

Ishihara colour test

Question 32

- a dichotomous test -tests red/green and yellow/blue -prove acquired colour issues - test monocularly

Answer 32

Farnsworth D-15

Question 33

- glaucoma -macular conditions - diabetic retinopathy - medication toxicity

Answer 33

Acquired colour vision causes

Question 34

- depth perception -stereopsis sensitivity -learned monocular clues

Answer 34

Stereoacuity

Question 35

measured in seconds of arc

Answer 35

Stereopsis Sensitivity

Question 36

-titmus stereofly -randot stereo - use 3D glasses with/Rx - test distance 16in/4cm

Answer 36

Stereopsis tests

Question 37

-ability to distinguish objects from background

Answer 37

Contrast sensitivity

Question 38

1)Pelli Robson (20/60 VA chart) -2.0 score = normal -below 1.5 = impairment 2) Vistech -6000 (near/reading 16in/40cm) -6500 (distance 3m-10ft)

Answer 38

Contrast tests

Question 39

-cataracts -small pupil size -improper px position -instrument myopia (aware of near even with optical inifinity)

Answer 39

Autorefraction errors

Question 40

-measures 3mm area of cornea -length of the radius of curvature in mm - dioptic power of the cornea - "k-readings" - high reading 46.00D = Steep curve -lower reading 42.25 = flatter curve -used in CL fittings - managaing keratoconus

Answer 40

Keratometry

Question 41

-age = higher when older -forced lid closure/rubbing -low blood pressure = low IOP -corneal thickness (thicker)=overestimated -time of day (low at night, high in morning)

Answer 41

Factors affecting IOP

Question 42

1) systolic pressure (top #)= constricting 2)diastolic= at rest -2mm from elbow -pump until 20mm, palpate, 20mm more -onset beats = systolic -cessation sounds = diastolic

Answer 42

Blood pressure testing

Question 43

Review testing instructions