Module 2: Pregnancy Flashcards
when does spermatogenesis begin and end
starts at the beginning of puberty and continues throughout life
What hormone triggers spermatogenesis?
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Where is sperm formed?
serminiferous tubles of the testes
When is the reproductive window for women?
from the beginning of their first menstural period to their early 50s when menopause begins
What hormone stimulated ovulation?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Where is oxytocin created, what does it target and whats it function?
created in hypothalamus
targets uterus and breast tissue
increases uterine contractions during intercourse, childbirth and breastfeeding
Where is prolactin created, what does it target and whats it function?
created in anterior pituitary
targets breast tissue
stimulates milk production
Where is FSH created, what does it target and whats it function?
created by anterior pituitary
targets ovaries & testes
stimulates focille development (production of ova and sperm)
Where is luteinizing hormone created, what does it target?
created in anterior pitullary
targets and stimulates the testes and ovaries
Where is estrogen created, what does it target and whats it function?
created in the ovaries
effects development of sex characteristics in women and puberty
Where is progesterone created, what does it target and whats it function?
created in ovaries
effects menstural cycle
prepares breast tissue for breastfeeding, relaxes uterine muscles to endable embedding of embroyo
Where is testosterone created, what does it target and whats it function?
created in testes
effects growth and maturation of male reproductive organs
Where is relaxin created, what does it target and whats it function?
creates ovaries, breasts, placenta and prostate
targets smooth muscle, cardiac and connective tissue cells
How long does pregnancy last?
38-40 weeks
what is the time of the 1st trimester?
counted from implantation and stops at the end of the 12th week of gestation
symptoms during 1st trimester of pregnancy
nausea, vomitting, urinary frequency and constipation
what is a teratogen?
any agent or factor that causes an abnormality following fetal exposure during pregnancy
what is a teratogen?
any agent or factor that causes an abnormality following fetal exposure during pregnancy
events that occur in the first trimester
embryo implants into endometrium, foetus membranes differentiate into chorian and amnion
time of 2nd trimester
13th week until 26th week
why do women gain weight during the third trimester period
extra blood volume, breasts, uterus and placenta
when can heart beat be ausculated
between 17-20 weeks
time of the 3rd trimester
27th week until birth
cardiovascular changes during pregnancy
increase in circulating blood volume, low bp, peripheral oedema
integumentary changes during pregnancy
increase in pigmentation
gastrointestinal changes during pregnancy
morning sickness, weight gain, relaxation of GIT sphincters and muscles
renal changes during pregnancy
glomerular filteration rate increases and decreases bladder capacity
reproductive changes during pregnancy
increase in fundal height
respiratory changes during pregnancy
increased lung capacity (by about 50%)
Skeletal changes during pregnancy
increased mobility of joints
what are some important nutrients during pregnancy
folate, iron, calcium
what are some food alerts during pregnancy?
mercury and seafood
unpasteurised dairy products, cold cooked chicken, cold processed meats etc.
what vaccines are encouraged for women planning to become/ are pregnant?
influenza and pertussis vaccine
what time frame does perinatal mental health refer to?
during pregnancy and one year after birth
incidence of perinatal depression, antenatal and postnatal, in Australia
antenatal: 1/10 women in Australia
postnatal: 1/6 women and 1/10 new dads in Australia
During cardiac resuscitation of a women while a baby is in utero, why is it important to wedge something under her right hip (as long as it doesn’t impact compressions)?
it takes pressure off the inferior vena cava and reduce aortic pressure.
