Module 2 PP 1 Flashcards
Screening: determine if the individual can ?
may be conducted at ?
usually conducted only for ?
what results?
may be performed by ?
hear a stimulus presented at a given intensity level
one or more frequencies
air conduction
pass/fail results
non-professionals with adequate training
Threshold Testing:
determine the ?
is usually conducted for ?
may include?
specific thresholds are obtained and may be used to determine
should only be conducted by ?
softest intensity of sound the individual can detect slightly more than half of the time
multiple frequencies in each ear
-bone conduction as well as air conduction
if the indiv. has normal hearing or some degree of hearing loss
trained professionals
What is Normal?
traditionally threshold at or less than ? have been considered to represent?
more recently some people us a cut off of ?or less when testing children
thresholds between ? may sometimes be referred to as slight or borderline loss
25 dB HL / normal hearing
15 dBHL
16-29
Test Equipment:
pure tone audiometer:
- air conduction
- bone conduction
- … speakers
- patient ?
- equipment for ?
- other equipment for ?
sound treated ? NOT the same as
transducers (phones/inserts) transducers (oscillator) soundfield (optional) response button (optional) speech audiometry VRA (optional)
booth (may not be used for screening) / sound proof
air/bone transducers
air conduction ear specific - - soundfield (not) -
headphones
insert phones
ear specific
-loudspeakers
bone oscillator
Test Frequencies: air conduction: -usually you can test frequencies from ? -some equipment may allow testing of -it is permissible to ?
Bone conduction
-generally you can test frequencies from ?
soundfield:
- will depend on ?
- generally you can test frequencies from ?
125-8000 Hz (not all equipment will produce 125 Hz tones)
- higher freq.
- omit testing 125 Hz in many circumstances
250-4000 Hz
equipment and size of test room
250 to at least 4000 Hz
Test Intensities:
air conduction:
may be able to produce stimuli up to ?
bone conduction: less intense than for ? -varies by ? -output is limited because of - - - soundfield -varies by
120 dB HL
air conduction (usually no more than 70 dB HL)
- frequency
- power requirements
- harmonic distortion issues
- vibrotactile issues
equipment
Test Stimuli:
pure tones: - - - - -
- steady state
- pulsed
- warbled tones
- narrow band noise
- white noise (for gross awareness)
Manual versus automated:
thresholds may be tested ?
automated testing is used in situations where ?
manually or by automated computerized equipment
-large numbers of individuals must be tested quickly
Manual test protocol:
there are several different threshold seeking procedures for ?
a commonly-used procedure is called ? also called ?
manual pure tone audiometric testing
Hughson-westlake / down 10 up 5
Recording results:
either a ?
audiograms may show ?
traditionally right results were written in ? and left in ?
graph (audiogram) or numerical chart
both ears together or use separate graph for each
red round
blue
Y axis used for ?
x axis used for ?
intensity
frequency
Type of hearing loss:
hearing results normal: - - - -
conductive loss
sensorineural loss
mixed loss
nonorganic loss
air vs. bone conduction:
the test/re-test reliability is ? so differences of up to ? may not be ?
a difference of ? IS considered significant. This is called an ?
theoretically bone conduction scores should be ? BUT sometimes ?
Theoretically you should NOT get air scores more than ?
+-5 dB, 10dB/clinically significant
15 dB or more / air bone gap
equal to or better than air conductions scores/ air conduction scores may be slightly better
10dB better or lower than bone scores
Pure Tone average
the pure tone average PTA?
arithmetic mean of thresholds at 500,1000, and 2000 Hz
arithmetic mean of the two best (lowest) thresholds at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz
arithmetic mean of the three poorest (highest) thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz
STUDY HEARING LOSS CHART
pp 1
Acoustic Immitance
re-read in book
tympanometry is a way to ?
the results are usually displayed in a graph called
we often use the abbreviation ?
tymps are usually ?
assess the status and function of the middle ear
typanogram
tymps
quick and easy to perform, ear specific, dont require patient response and are ideal for use with special populations
How does tympanometry work:
- an ? is achieved when ?
- tone is introduced into the ear canal and pressure
- when pressure on both sides of the ear drum is equal?
- the mic measures the amount of?
- the amount of sound reflected at different pressure levels in the ear canal is
- the graph is the
air-tight seal/probe is properly inserted into ear canal
- varied
- maximum sound transmission is accomplished
- sound that is reflected (NOT TRANSMITTED)
- recorded grpahically
- tympanogram
Tympanometric data: - - - -
ear canal volume
ear drum/ossicle movement
- middle ear pressure
- tympanometric type
Factors:
ear canal volume:
is there a
is ?
is the probe ?
is the seal ?
hole in ear drum
debris or ear wax in ear canal
improperly placed against the wall of the ear canal
inadequate
Factors:
compliance:
is the middle ear system?
is the system too?
is the system ?
functioning normally
too compliant (eardrum is too elastic or ossicles are disarticulated)
less compliant than normal (middle ear fluid prevents movement , eardrum mobility is impaired, ossicles are stiff)
Factors :
middle ear pressure
- is the eustachian tube functioning ?
- is the eustachian tube malfunctioning by not ? resulting in a buildup of ?
normally and keeping middle ear space properly aerated
opening properly/ negative middle ear pressure
Normal Value ranges: always be sure to check the manual of the ?
volume: usually
compliance: usually
pressure:
- 2 to 2.0 ml
- 2 to 1.4 ml
- 150 to 25 daPa
