Module 2 (Molecular Biology and Genetics) Overview Flashcards
1
Q
DNA components
A
Double stranded helical structure Sugar phosphate backbone Bases (Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine) A = T G triple bond C Stablised by hydrogen bonds Transcribed 5' to 3'
2
Q
Proteins involved in DNA Replication
A
Helicase ssbp Primase DNA poly 3 DNA poly 1 Topoisomerase Ligase
3
Q
Nuclease
A
Exonuclease (during replication)
Endonuclease (after replication)
4
Q
Cell Cycle
A
- Interphase (G1, S - DNA replication, G2)
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
5
Q
Mitosis
A
- Prophase
- Prometaphase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
6
Q
Meiosis
A
Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1 Telophase 1 Prophase 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2
7
Q
Chromosomal abnormalities
A
Aueploidy (caused by nondisjunction)
Mutations (deletion, insertion, inversion, duplication)
8
Q
Nondisjunction Disorders
A
Down-syndrome (3 copies of Chromosome 21)
Klinefelters (more than 2 Chromosome 23)
Turners (less than 2 Chromosome 23)
9
Q
Gene Expression
A
- Transcription
- Translation
(initiation, elongation, termination)
10
Q
Components of eukaryotic gene
A
Promotor region (TATA)
5' UTR
5' G Cap
3' UTR
Poly-A-tail
Coding sequence ('introns' and exons)
11
Q
Mendel’s Laws
A
- Law of segregation
2. Law of independent assortment
12
Q
Probability Laws
A
Indépendant events (product)
Mutually exclusive events (sum)
13
Q
Deviations from simple Mendelian ratios
A
Incomplete dominance
Co-dominance
Polymorphism
14
Q
How population’s evolve
A
Non-random mating (assertive mating and inbreeding) Random genetic drift Population bottleneck Founder effect Natural selection Gene flow and migration Mutations
15
Q
Types of Natural Selection
A
Stabilising selection Directional selection Disruptive selection sexual selection frequency dependant selection spatial distribution of gene variations (CLINE)
