Module 1 (Cell Structure and Diversity) Overview

Question 1

Characteristics of Life

Answer 1

Cellular organisation
Reproduction
Metabolism
Hereditary
Homeostasis
Response to stimuli
Growth and development
Adaptation

Question 2

Natural Selection

Answer 2

Variation
Inheritance
Selection
Time

Question 3

Domains of Life

Answer 3

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryote

Question 4

Carbohydrates

Answer 4

Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Oligosaccharide
Polysaccharide

Question 5

Functions of Carbohydrates

Answer 5

Recognition
Energy
Structure

Question 6

Monomer: Building Blocks

Answer 6

Amino Acids
Nucleotides
Simple carbohydrates
Lipids

Question 7

Polymer: Macromolecules

Answer 7

Proteins
Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)
Complex carbohydrates
Lipids

Question 8

Functions of Proteins

Answer 8

Structural
Regulatory
Contractile
Transport
Storage
Protection
Catalytic
Toxic

Question 9

Functions of Lipids

Answer 9

Structure
Regulatory
Energy

Question 10

Movement across membrane

Answer 10

Passive transport
(diffusion and facilitated diffusion)
Active Transport
Co-Transport

Question 11

Bulk movement across membrane

Answer 11

Exocytosis
(constitutive, regulated)
Endocytosis
(phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis)

Question 12

Membrane Proteins Functions

Answer 12

Transport
Signal Transduction
Cell recognition
Intercellular joining
Linking cytoskeleton to ECM

Question 13

Endomembrane System

Answer 13

Nuclear Envelope
Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER and rER)
Golgi Apparatus
Vesicles
Vacuoles 
Lysosomes
Plasma Membrane

Question 14

Cell Junctions

Answer 14

Tight junctions
Gap junctions
Desmosomes

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments

Question 16

Cell wall types

Answer 16

Primary cell wall

Secondary cell wall

Question 17

Cell wall phases

Answer 17

Crystalline microfibrillar
(cellulose –> microfibrils)
Non crystalline matrix
(hemicellulose, pectin and extension)

Question 18

Cellular Respiration

Answer 18

1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
3. Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

Photosynthesis

Answer 19

1. Light reaction

2. Calvin cycle

Question 20

Calvin cycle

Answer 20

Fixation
Reduction
Regeneration

Question 21

Nucleus

Answer 21

DNA
Nucleolus 
Nuclear lamina
Nuclear envelope (double membrane - perinuclear space)
Nuclear pore complexes

Question 22

DNA organisation

Answer 22

Euchromatin (loose - transcriptively active)

Heterochromatin (dense - transcriptively inactive)