Module 1 (Cell Structure and Diversity) Overview Flashcards
Characteristics of Life
Cellular organisation Reproduction Metabolism Hereditary Homeostasis Response to stimuli Growth and development Adaptation
Natural Selection
Variation
Inheritance
Selection
Time
Domains of Life
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryote
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Oligosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Functions of Carbohydrates
Recognition
Energy
Structure
Monomer: Building Blocks
Amino Acids
Nucleotides
Simple carbohydrates
Lipids
Polymer: Macromolecules
Proteins
Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)
Complex carbohydrates
Lipids
Functions of Proteins
Structural Regulatory Contractile Transport Storage Protection Catalytic Toxic
Functions of Lipids
Structure
Regulatory
Energy
Movement across membrane
Passive transport
(diffusion and facilitated diffusion)
Active Transport
Co-Transport
Bulk movement across membrane
Exocytosis
(constitutive, regulated)
Endocytosis
(phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis)
Membrane Proteins Functions
Transport Signal Transduction Cell recognition Intercellular joining Linking cytoskeleton to ECM
Endomembrane System
Nuclear Envelope Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER and rER) Golgi Apparatus Vesicles Vacuoles Lysosomes Plasma Membrane
Cell Junctions
Tight junctions
Gap junctions
Desmosomes
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Cell wall types
Primary cell wall
Secondary cell wall
Cell wall phases
Crystalline microfibrillar
(cellulose –> microfibrils)
Non crystalline matrix
(hemicellulose, pectin and extension)
Cellular Respiration
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation
Photosynthesis
- Light reaction
2. Calvin cycle
Calvin cycle
Fixation
Reduction
Regeneration
Nucleus
DNA Nucleolus Nuclear lamina Nuclear envelope (double membrane - perinuclear space) Nuclear pore complexes
DNA organisation
Euchromatin (loose - transcriptively active)
Heterochromatin (dense - transcriptively inactive)