Module 2: Major Concepts of Social Psychology Flashcards
1
Q
It refers to the part of an individual’s self-concept or self-identity that is influenced by their interactions and relationships with others within a social context.
A
Social Self
2
Q
Social Self:
“___” versus “___”
A
“Me” versus “I”
3
Q
It represents how a person perceives themselves in relation to the social world and how they believe others perceive them.
A
Social Self
4
Q
a fundamental aspect of human identity, and it is shaped by various social and cultural factors.
A
Social Self
5
Q
Concepts under Social Self (9)
A
- Self-Concept
- Self-Esteem
- Social Identity
- Self-Presentation
- Self-Verification
- Self-Perception
- Self-Enhancement
- Cultural and Gender Identity
- Self-Regulation
6
Q
It refers to the ways in which individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are affected by the real or imagined presence or actions of others.
A
Social Influence
7
Q
It encompasses the processes through which people conform to or diverge from the norms, values, and behaviors of a social group.
A
Social Influence
8
Q
fundamental aspect of human interaction and plays a significant role in shaping our behavior and decision-making.
A
Social Influence
9
Q
results from a specific action, command, or request, but people also alter their attitudes and behaviors in response to what they perceive others might do or think.
A
Social Influence
10
Q
Concepts under Social Influence (9)
A
- Conformity
- Compliance
- Obedience
- Minority influence
- Group polarization
- Social norms
- Social roles
- Deindividuation
- Groupthink
11
Q
These social relations influence individuals’ thoughts, feelings, behaviors, attitudes, and overall well-being.
A
Social Relations
12
Q
It comprises the ways in which individuals adjust their behavior to meet the demands of a social environment.
A
Social Influence
13
Q
Refer to the interactions, connections, and relationships that individuals have with one another within a social context.
A
Social Relations
14
Q
It takes many forms and can be seen in conformity, socialization, peer pressure, obedience, leadership, persuasion, sales, and marketing.
A
Social Influence
15
Q
A
16
Q
These interactions can take various forms, from one-on-one interpersonal relationships to group dynamics and broader societal structures.
A
Social Relations
17
Q
Concepts under Social Relations (8)
A
- Interpersonal relationships
- Group dynamics
- Social networks
- Intergroup relations
- Conflict resolution
- Cooperation and competition
- Power and authority
- Altruism and reciprocity
18
Q
Social Psychology is the Scientific study of:
A
- Social Thinking
- Social Influence
- Social Relations
19
Q
Social Self, Influence, and Relations are interwoven because social interactions and relationships shape an individual’s ______, _______, and ______
A
self-concept, values, and behaviors.
20
Q
social feedback and conformity can influence an
individual’s ______ and ____
A
self-esteem and identity.
20
Q
quality of _______ and ________ can impact the extent to which individuals conform or comply with group norms.
A
interpersonal relationships and group dynamics
21
Q
Application of Social Psychology (5)
A
- Industry and Corporate Environments
- Organizational and Institutional Dynamics
- Guidance and Counselling
- Mental Health Practice
- Marketing and Business Operations
22
Q
Albert Bandura’s Notable works:
A
- Social Learning Theory
- Aggression
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Self Efficacy
23
Q
Canadian – American Social Psychologist
A
Albert Bandura
24
Elements of SLT:
* In order to learn, observers must attend to the modeled behavior.
* Impacted by characteristics of the observer (perceptual abilities, cognitive abilities, arousal, past performance) and characteristics of the behavior or event (relevance, novelty, affective
valence, and functional value).
Attention
25
Elements of SLT:
* Copying or duplication of information or an artifact based on an instance of that information or artifact, and not using the process that originally generated it.
* Only possible to a limited degree of accuracy; there is some inevitable generation loss, deterioration and accumulation of random small changes from original to copy when copies are made.
* This deterioration accumulates with each generation.
Reproduction
26
4 Elements of SLT
1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Reproduction
4. Motivation
27
Elements of SLT:
* In order to reproduce an observed behavior, observers must be able to remember features of the behavior.
* Influenced by observer characteristics (cognitive capabilities, cognitive rehearsal) and event characteristics (complexity).
* The cognitive processes
underlying retention are visual
and verbal.
Retention
28
New behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others.
Social Learning Theory
29
Elements of SLT:
* The decision to reproduce (or refrain from reproducing) an observed behavior is dependent on the motivations and expectations of the observer, including anticipated consequences and internal standards.
* Motivational factors are driven by the functional value of different behaviors in a given environment.
Motivation
30
_______ is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement.
Learning (SLT)
31
Learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as _________
vicarious
reinforcement.
32
When a particular behavior is rewarded regularly, it will most likely ____; conversely, if a particular behavior is constantly punished, it will most likely ____.
Rewarded = persist
Punished = desist
33
the process of convincing the self that ethical standards do not apply to oneself in a particular context.
-done by separating moral reactions from inhumane conduct and disabling the mechanism of self-condemnation.
Moral disengagement
33
Process involve in Moral Disengagement
cognitive re-
construing or re-framing
34
Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement (8)
1. Moral Justification
2. Euphemistic Language
3. Advantageous Comparison
4. Displacement of Responsibility
5. Diffusion of Responsibility
6. Misrepresenting the Harm
7. Ascription of Blame
8. Stripping people of human qualities or investing the with demonic attributes
35
Detrimental conduct justified as serving socially worthy and moral purposes
Moral Justification
36
Obscuring and minimizing one's agentive role in harm
Diffusion of Responsibility
37
Ascribing blame for damage to other agents
Displacement of Responsibility
38
Distorting, minimizing or disbelieving the harmful effects
Mispresenting the Harm
39
Language that sanitizes harmful conduct
Euphemistic Language
40
Stripping people of human qualities or investing them with demonic attributes.
Dehumanizing
41
Contrasting harmful conduct with highly flagrant acts or atrocities
Advantageous Comparison
42
Blaming the victim for their own plight
Ascription of Blame
43
When people observe a model performing a behavior and the consequences of that behavior, they remember the sequence of events and use this information to guide subsequent behaviors.
Social Cognitive Theory
44
Observing a _____ can also prompt the viewer to engage in behavior they already learned.
model
45
People do not learn new behaviors solely by trying them and either succeeding or failing, but rather, the survival of humanity is dependent
upon the _____ of the actions of others.
replication
46
Depending on whether people are _____ or ______ for their behavior and the outcome of the behavior, the observer may choose to replicate behavior modeled.
rewarded or punished
47
3 Factors under Social Cognitive Theory
1. Cognitive Factors ("Personal Factors")
2. Behavioral Factors
3. Environmental Factors
48
Under Behavioral Factors
- Skills
- Practice
- Self-Efficacy
48
Under Cognitive Factors
- Knowledge
- Expectations
- Attitudes
49
Under Environmental Factors
- Social Norms
- Access in Community
- Influence on others (ability to change own environment)
50
* An individual's belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach specific goals.
* Strongly influences both the power a person actually has to face challenges competently and the choices a person is most likely to make.
* Promotes human accomplishment and personal well-being
Self-Efficacy Theory
51
4 Determinants of Efficacy Judgements
1. Vicarious Experience
2. Physiological Feedback
3. Verbal Persuasion
4. Performance Outcome
52
* Social psychology principles inform teaching methods,
classroom management, and strategies for enhancing student motivation and engagement.
* Special needs students
* Children at risk
Education and Teaching
53
Educators use techniques such as active learning, group dynamics, and peer collaboration to create effective learning environments.
* Mainstreaming
* Individualized lesson plans
Education and Teaching
54
* Social psychology contributes to health behavior change interventions, such as smoking cessation programs, weight management, and promoting healthy habits.
* Rehabilitation programs
Health and Wellness
55
* Understanding social influences on health-related decisions helps design more effective health campaigns.
* Mass health programs
Health and Wellness
56
* Social psychology contributes to understanding and promoting pro-environmental behaviors.
Health and Wellness
57
* Advertising agencies and marketers utilize social psychology concepts to create persuasive advertising campaigns.
* BOGO
* Discounts
Marketing and Advertising
58
* Businesses and customer service
professionals use social psychology to improve customer interactions, handle complaints, and build customer loyalty.
Marketing and Advertising
59
Techniques like social proof, scarcity, and emotional appeals are employed to influence consumer behavior and
decision-making.
* Exclusive offers
* Limited time offers
* Advocacy campaigns
Marketing and Advertising
60
* Mediators use communication, empathy, and negotiation skills informed by social psychology principles to facilitate conflict resolution.
* Peace corps
* Diplomatic relations
Conflict Resolution and Mediation
61
* Social psychology provides strategies for resolving conflicts and disputes, both in personal relationships and organizational settings.
* Negotiations
* Bargaining
Conflict Resolution and Mediation
62
* Social psychology informs police practices, witness testimonies, and criminal justice policies.
Conflict Resolution and Mediation
62
* Managers and leaders apply social psychology concepts to motivate employees, build cohesive teams, and foster positive organizational culture.
Leadership and Management
63
* Understanding group dynamics, leadership styles, and employee motivation contributes to effective leadership.
Leadership and Management
64
* Training programs often incorporate social psychology research to reduce stereotypes and prejudice.
Diversity and Inclusion
65
Organizations use social psychology insights to create inclusive workplaces, address bias and discrimination, and promote diversity and equity.
Diversity and Inclusion:
66
* Parents and families use social psychology principles to understand child development, sibling relationships, and parenting strategies.
Parenting and Family Dynamics:
67
Knowledge of child psychology, attachment theory, and socialization informs parenting practices.
Parenting and Family Dynamics:
68
* Visualization techniques, goal setting, and team-building exercises are influenced by social psychology research.
Sports and Athletic Performance
69
* Coaches and athletes apply social psychology concepts to enhance team cohesion, motivation, and performance.
Sports and Athletic Performance
70
"People can develop high or low self-efficacy vicariously through other people's performances. A person can watch another perform and then compare their own competence with the other individual's competence"
Vicarious Experiences
71
"People experience sensations from their body and how they perceive this emotional arousal influences their beliefs of efficacy"
Physiological Feedback
72
"Self-efficacy is influenced by encouragement and discouragement pertaining to an individual's performance or ability to perform"
Verbal Persuasion
73
"Positive and negative experiences can influence the ability of an individual to performs a given task. If one has performed well at a task previously, he or she is more likely to feel competent and perform well at a similarly associated task"
Performance Outcomes
74
Subjective, Internal, and meaning changes overtime
"I"
example - I love you could turn to I hate you
75
Objective and External
"Me"
Example - Ethnicity and Gender
76
The social self is a fundamental aspect of human identity, and it is shaped by various ____ and _____
social and cultural factors.
