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KIN 316 - Biomechanics of Tissue > Module 2 - Locomotion and Wearable Motion Tracking > Flashcards

Module 2 - Locomotion and Wearable Motion Tracking Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Definition of Energy?

A
  • Capacity for doing work
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2
Q

What does energy exist in?

A
  • Potential Energy
  • Kinetic Energy
  • Thermal Energy
  • Electrical Energy
  • Chemical Energy
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Other Forms
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3
Q

What is the Definition for Work?

A
  • The energy in the process of transfer from one physical system to another
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4
Q

What is Potential Energy?

A
  • The energy that a physical system stores because of its position
    ex. springs
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5
Q

What is Gravitational Potential Energy?

A
  • Energy stored in a physical system because of its vertical position or height
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6
Q

What is Kinetic Energy?

A
  • The energy that a physical system possesses due to its motion
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7
Q

What is total energy?

A
  • The summation of all types of energy stored in a system
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8
Q

What is energy consumption or dissipation?

A
  • The energy which is utilized to produce work and as a result dissipated
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9
Q

What is the exchange of energy?

A
  • Example of slider with no friction: The Roller Coaster
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10
Q

What is the Energy cost of transport?

A
  • Due to friction in joints and the environment, we spend energy to keep up the locomotion velocity
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11
Q

How is Expenditure Energy Measured?

A
  • Oxygen consumption
  • Production of Carbon Dioxide
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12
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditure??

A
  • Fall forward and step to catch ourselves: exchange between kinetic and gravitational potential energy
  • Shut down most muscles during the swing phase: Negative work to prevent the leg from going forward
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13
Q

How does friction help with acceleration and breaking when driving?

A

Acceleration
- Wheel pushes back, friction pushes forward
Breaking
- Wheel attempts to stop pushing back, friction pushes car back

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14
Q

What is the definition of Ground Reaction Force?

A
  • Newtons Third Law: use coordinate system to help
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15
Q

What is an EMG?

A

Electromyography
- Technique for evaluating and recording electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles
- Voltages, not forces
- Need to modify the voltages to estimate forces

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16
Q

How do we measure external forces during walking?

A
  • Force Plates
17
Q

What are the events of the Gait Cycle?

A
  • Right Heel-Strike (0%)
  • Left toe-off
  • Right mid-stance
  • Left heel-strike (50%)
  • Right toe-off
  • Left mid-stance
  • Right heel-strike (100%)
18
Q

What is Joint Angle?

A
  • A biomechanical measure that has been used in numerous studies
19
Q

Is there an Ideal Gait Cycle?

A
  • Mathematically, Yes
  • Realistically, No
20
Q

How do you compare gait cycles?

A
  • Observation of joint angle
  • other gait parameters
21
Q

In what ways can you measure a gait cycle?

A
  • Conventional Method: Goniometer
  • Video-based motion capture systems
  • Kinect
  • IMUs (like in the matlab phone app)
22
Q

For the Motion Capture device, what are the reference points and origins?

A
  • Origin is point where the axes systems intersect
  • Origin divides each axes into two halves
  • Coordinates of the origin are always zero
23
Q

What is a coordinate system?

A
  • Uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of the points
24
Q

What is a rigid body?

A
  • Solid-body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected
25
Q

What do we assume when using the motion capture system?

A
  • Bones are rigid bodies in humans
26
Q

Where should you put the 3 markers for a motion capture system?

A
  • on the bony landmarks
27
Q

How are coordinates defined on the human body?

A
  • Using anatomical coordinate system
28
Q

What are some limitations of the Motion Capture System?

A
  • Limited Space
  • Typically Indoor
  • Not Portable
  • Expensive
  • Needs staff
  • Time-consuming Use
  • Not easy to use
29
Q

What are the advantages of using the motion capture system?

A
  • accurate movement in space
  • accuracy of angles of measurement
  • Rigid on the body
30
Q

What are the advantages of using IMUs?

A
  • Not limited by space
  • Portable
  • Reasonable Cost
  • Can be run by ourselves
  • Fast and Easy to Use
31
Q

What are the limitations of using IMUs?

A
  • Slips on the Body
  • Accuracy
  • Angles Measurement
  • Does not give position data (only rotational, velocity, and acceleration)

KIN 316 - Biomechanics of Tissue (11 decks)

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