MODULE 2 health policy PHC in the hands of the people, FM&BPSA Flashcards
HEALTH POLICY SHOULD BE
- aligned with international commitments, national directives and health agenda
- evidence-based
- disseminated to stakeholders upon approval
- monitored in terms of implementation and performance
Forms of public health policies
- Laws
- Rules/Regulations
- Operational Decisions
- Judicial Decisions
Where do legislations, A.O.s, E.O.s emanate?
- Department of Health
- Office of the President and Cabinet
- The Senate and Lower House of Congress
- Civil Society Groups
Goal of Health policy
To provide access to quality care at an affordable cost
Steps in policy formulation
- Describe the problem
- Assess readiness for policy development
- Develop goals, objectives, and policy options
- Identify decision makers and influencers
- Build support for a policy
- Write and/or revise the policy
- Implement the policy 8. Evaluate and monitor the policy
Alma Ata Declaration
Health for All in 2000
Essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them, through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford.
Phc
Practical approach to make health benefits within the reach of all
Primary Health Care
Approach to health development with the ultimate aim of continuous improvement and maintenance of the health status of the community
Primary Health Care
Essential Elements of Primary Health Care
Education concerning prevailing health problems and controlling them
Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition Provision of safe water and basic sanitation Maternal and child health care
Immunization against major infectious diseases Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries
Provision of essential drugs
Two-pronged goal of PHC
SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENTAL
improvement of QOL and maximum health benefits for all
SOCIAL
community as moving towards socio-economic prosperity through self-reliance
DEVELOPMENTAL
Basic Principles Of Primary Health Care
Equitable distribution Focus on prevention Community participation Multi-sectoral approach Appropriate technology
2 Types of Linkages
Intersectoral Linkages
Intrasectoral Linkages
Identify the health care system
Rural (local hospital) Services
Rural Health Units Village
Local health Stations
PHC
Intersectoral Linkages
Agriculture Education Public works Local governments Social welfare Population control Private sectors
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY criteria
Effective and safe Complexity Cost Acceptable Scope of technology Feasibility
Types of Primary Health Care Workers
Intermediate level health workers
First Line Hospital Personnel
Village or grassroot health workers
First contacts of the community and the initial link in the health chain
Village or grassroot health workers
Trained community health workers, volunteers, traditional birth attendants or healers
Village or grassroot health workers
General medical practitioners, public health nurses, and midwives
Intermediate level health workers
Provide support to frontline HWs in terms of supervision, training, referral services, etc
Intermediate level health workers
Physicians with some specialty area, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, etc, working in primary hospitals
First Line Hospital Personnel
Provide back up health services for cases that require hospitalization or diagnostic facilities not available in the health center
First Line Hospital Personnel
Its objective is to improve the quality of life of people of the world through fostering and maintaining high standards of care in family medicine.
WONCA- World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations of Family Physicians, other wise known as World Organization of Family Doctors
Discipline of Medicine with distinct core of knowledge and characteristics of care, which refers to individuals, family and community, and functions within economic, cultural and social environments and resources
FAMILY MEDICINE
Centered on the Family as a basic social unit
FAMILY MEDICINE
Not only disease-oriented but health- oriented which emphasizes on the importance of disease prevention, health maintence and curative medicine
FAMILY MEDICINE
PRINCIPLES OF FAMILY MEDICINE
- The person, not the problem
- The patient’s context
- The preventive attitude
- The population at risk
- Community resources
- Integrating life
- Integrating work
- Subjective aspects of Medicine
- Resource management
Family physicians are committed to the person rather than to a particular body of knowledge, group of diseases, or special technique
THE PERSON, NOT THE PROBLEM
Principle of family med
Why did the patient come?; Why did the patient come at this time?; What does the patient think is wrong?; How does the patient illness fit with his life situation and stage of development?
THE PATIENT’S CONTEXT
The family physician seeks to understand the context of the illness.
THE PATIENT’S CONTEXT
The family physician sees every contact with his patients as an opportunity for prevention or health education.
THE PREVENTIVE ATTITUDE
Principle of family med
What are this patient’s risk?; What can I do at this visit to promote his health or prevent disease?
THE PREVENTIVE ATTITUDE
It implies a commitment to maintain health whether or not they happen to be attending the office/ clinic
THE POPULATION AT RISK
The family physician sees himself as part of a community-wide network of supportive and health care agencies.
COMMUNITY RESOURCES
Ideally, the family physician should share the same habitat as his patients.
INTEGRATING LIFE
The Love Canal disaster in Niagara Falls provides a vivid illustration of what can happen when physicians are remote from the environment of their patients
INTEGRATING LIFE
The family physician sees patients in their homes
INTEGRATING WORK
It teach us how much background information can be obtained from patient and his family.
HOME VISITS/ HOME CARE:
It can show how many illness can be satisfactorily diagnosed and managed at home using very simple methods
HOME VISITS/ HOME CARE:
As generalists and first-contact physicians, they have control of large resources and are able to control admission to hospital, use of investigations, prescription of treatment, and referral to specialists.
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
THE FIVE- STAR PHYSICIAN
Health Care Provider Researcher Educator Social Mobilizer Manager
Characteristic of a 5 star physician
Considers the patient as an integral part of a family and the community
Healthcare provider
Characteristic of a 5 star physician
Chooses which technologies to apply ethically and cost- effectively
Researcher
Characteristic of a 5 star physician
Reconcile individual and community health requirements and initiate action on behalf of the community
Social mobilizer
Characteristic of a 5 star physician
Providing high standard clinical care
Healthcare provider
Characteristic of a 5 star physician
Promote healthy lifestyle by empathic explanation, thereby empowering individuals and group to enhance and protect their health
Educator
Characteristic of a 5 star physician
Pre- patient education directed at non- patients or pre-patients by educating about disease prevention and health promotion through pamphlets, magazine, media and other reading materials while in the waiting area.
Educator clinical setting
Characteristic of a 5 star physician
Community Project
Educator community setting
Characteristic of a 5 star physician
The ultimate goal of health education is the improvement of the nation’s health and the reduction of preventable illness, disability, and death.
Educator
Characteristic of a 5 star physician
Can work harmoniously with individuals and organizations, within and without the health care system, in order to meet his patients’ and communities’ needs
Manager
Characteristic of a 5 star physician
Knowledgeable in coordinating the timely referral of their patient, networking and linkages to different sectors of the government.
Manager
Characteristic of a 5 star physician
Utilize evidence based medicine in the practice of profession, e.g. Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG)
Researcher
Systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACH
clinical medicine focus on pathophysiology and other biological approaches to disease
Biomedical models
emphasize the importance of understanding human health and illness in their fullest contexts.
biopsychosocial approach
