Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > Module 2 Exam > Flashcards

Module 2 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

How much of our water intake is expected to come from fluids?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much of our water intake is expected to come from foods?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much of plasma is comprised of water?

A

91.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much of body water is intracellular in infants?

A

46%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is water a solvent for?

A

minerals, vitamins, glucose, and other small molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does water do?

A

give body shape and form
maintain blood volume and blood pressure
regulate body temp by absorbing heat produced by fever and metabolic processes
form the structure of large molecules
transports nutrients to and waste away from cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the ultimate destination of nutrients in the body?

A

cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is sensible water loss?

A

loss through the skin as perspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is insensible water loss?

A

breathing, vomiting, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much of water is lost daily via insensible water loss?

A

800 to 1000 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the main means of dissipating the body’s heat produced by exercise?

A

evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In extreme cases, at what rate may a person perspire?

A

2 L per hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What environmental conditions increase the amount of water lost?

A

high temps, high altitudes, and low humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How much water does obligatory excretion eliminate?

A

400 to 600 mL per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens if gastric juices are lost?

A

hydrogen ions in the hydrochloric acid are lost, putting the person at risk for alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does rapid breathing caused by anxiety trigger?

A

paresthesia, peripheral tetany (stiffness of fingers or arms), fainting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why does tetany occur?

A

because respiratory alkalosis causes both hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does first aid recommend for hyperventilation from anxiety?

A

breathing through one nostril with the mouth closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can breathing into a paper bag cause?

A

hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What ions provide the most movement across cell membranes to maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance?

A

sodium, phosphate, and chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can abnormal levels of potassium produce?

A

cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does blood pressure depend on?

A

volume of blood, nutrients, and water pushed out through capillaries into interstitial fluid by hydrostatic pressure supplied by the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does magnesium regulate?

A

nerve stimulation and normal muscle action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is bicarbonate?

A

an important extracellular fluid buffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What constricts arteries to increase blood pressure?

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does aldosterone cause?

A

sodium ions to be returned to the bloodstream by the kidneys rather than to be spilled into urine, and water follows it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the most influential extracellular ion?

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What happens during diabetes insipidus?

A

the hypothalamus does not secrete ADH or the kidneys do not respond appropriately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do special sensors in the hypothalamus monitor?

A

osmotic pressure as the blood circulates in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When the hypothalamus detects an increase in osmotic pressure, what happens?

A

the gland triggers a desire to drink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does the liver break down?

A

dietary fats

32
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

mechanical and chemical

33
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

a ONE WAY wavelike movement that propels food through the entire length of the alimentary canal

34
Q

How is the hydrolysis achieved mostly through?

A

the action of digestive enzymes present in saliva

35
Q

What enters the small intestine and assists in digestion?

A

bicarbonate

36
Q

The end products of digestion move from the GI tract into the blood or lymphatic system in a process called what?

A

absorption; primarily in the small intestine

37
Q

After absorption, where are the nutrients usually transported?

A

liver

38
Q

What determines the final use of individual nutrients as well as meds?

A

metabolism

39
Q

What pts commonly have lactose intolerance and why?

A

celiac disease

bc the mucosa of the small intestine is damaged, there is a resulting decrease in lactose, an intestinal enzyme that helps digest lactose from milk

40
Q

What is an immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley?

A

celiac disease

41
Q

Does rice have gluten?

A

no

42
Q

What does treatment of steatorrhea typically involve?

A

meds and decreasing dietary fat

43
Q

What does malabsorption lead to?

A

malnutrition, which prevents cell reproduction

44
Q

What does bile do?

A

break down dietary fats

45
Q

What are the end products of carbs digested into?

A

monosaccharides

46
Q

What are the end products of fats digested into?

A

molecules of glycerol, fatty acids, and monoglycerides

47
Q

What are the end products of protein digested into?

A

small peptides and amino acids

48
Q

How much extra does a pregnant woman in the second trimester need?

A

340 kcals per day

49
Q

How much folic acid should a pregnant woman take per day?

A

4 mg

50
Q

What does taking folic acid during pregnancy prevent?

A

neural tube defects

51
Q

What are 3 neural tube defects?

A

spina bifida
anencephaly
meningoencephalocele

52
Q

What is concentrated and stored in the fetal liver during pregnancy and provides the infant with stores to sustain them for the first several months of life?

A

vitamin B12

53
Q

What is associated with twice the risk of maternal death?

A

moderate iron deficiency anemia

54
Q

What is decreased when taking antacids?

A

iron absorption, contraindicated for pts with low iron

55
Q

What aids in the absorption of iron?

A

vitamin C supplements, fiber, OJ, stool softener

56
Q

What is the amt of protein suggested for non-pregnant women?

A

46 grams

57
Q

How much protein does a woman in the second half of pregnancy need?

A

71 grams (25 more)

58
Q

Foods high in iron

A

animal food products, beef
green leafy vegetables
eggs

59
Q

An infants birth weight should ____ by 4 to 6 months of age.

A

double

60
Q

An infants birth weight should ____ by 1 year.

A

triple

61
Q

What are adolescent diets lacking?

A

calcium and iron

62
Q

The routine admin of _________ to all infants is mandatory. Infants are at a higher risk of hemorrhagic disease due to lack of ________ transfer across the placenta and low levels of breast milk.

A

vitamin K

63
Q

Childhood iron deficiency anemia is associated with _________ and _______ delays.

A

behavioral, cognitive

64
Q

A 3 year old may need ____ to _____ kilocalories per day.

A

1300, 1500

65
Q

Serving sizes for 4 to 6 year old children are the same as those recommended for _____.

A

adults

66
Q

Benefits of breastfeeding

A

decreased rates of SID and decreased rates of eczema and helps with immune system

67
Q

Older adults need about _% fewer kcals per decade after age 40.

A

5

68
Q

_______ contributes to bone metabolism and is protective against age-related bone loss.

A

vitamin K

69
Q

The ______ ________, with an amendment to the Older Americans Act, established meal programs for senior citizens.

A

federal government

70
Q

The ________ ________ _____ ______ ________ offers low-income seniors coupons to exchange for fresh produce at farmer’s markets and roadside stands.

A

senior farmer’s market nutrition program (SFMNP)

71
Q

Older people should derive ______-______ of their kcals from carbs.

A

45-65%

72
Q

Older people should derive ___-___ of their kcals from protein.

A

10-35%

73
Q

The RDA for carbs for younger and older adults is ___ grams per day.

A

130

74
Q

S/S for gastroparesis

A

bloating, indigestion, feel like vomiting, uncomfortable

75
Q

How much extra kcals per day is needed for a pregnant woman in the third trimester?

A

452

Nutrition (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions