Final Exam Study Guide

Question 1

Anorexia and mouth issues

Answer 1

Mouth issues (ulcers, stomatitis) can cause anorexia because it is painful/difficult to eat

Question 2

A nurse is caring for a client with mouth ulcers – teaching?

Answer 2

Soft food, use straw, mouth care (rinse/gentle)

Question 3

AIDS and dementia

Answer 3

AIDS dementia complex

Question 4

HIV infection can cause organ dysfunction such as:

Answer 4

Cholecystitis, hepatomegaly, pancreatitis, end-stage renal failure

Question 5

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adverse effect:

Answer 5

Lipodystrophy (peripheral fat wasting and fat accumulation centrally)

Can cause metabolic abnormalities in total cholesterol, increased low-density lipoprotein, and increased triglycerides, which may necessitate that clients modify their diets

Question 6

Megestrol acetate

Answer 6

Used for appetite stimulation and to increase kilocalorie intake in AIDS patients

Question 7

AIDS and energy expenditure

Answer 7

AIDS patients use more energy than healthy people

Question 8

Right to self determination

Answer 8

Right to decide for themselves the way in which they live or die

Question 9

MAOI – food restrictions/allowances

Answer 9

Tyramine can cause hypertensive crisis with MAOI

Tyramine foods: cured foods, processed meats, bologna, cheeses (except gouda)

Question 10

Diabetes – autoimmune conditions

Answer 10

People with type 1 DM are more prone to other autoimmune diseases

Graves’ disease, lymphocytic thyroiditis, Addison disease, vitiligo, celiac disease, autoimmune hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, pernicious anemia

Question 11

Minimum fasting recommendations for surgery

Answer 11

Fatty foods or meats: 8 hours
Non-human milk or light meal: 6 hours
Breast milk: 4 hours
Clear liquids: 2 hours

Question 12

Cachexia of cancer

Answer 12

A general state of ill health involving marked weight loss and muscle loss

Treat underlying cancer and the cachexia will resolve

Question 13

Interventions to increase oral intake for a client with cancer and anorexia

Answer 13

Soft foods

Orajel before meals to numb them during eating

Offer pain meds 30 mins before mealtime

Question 14

Client with cancer who is experiencing nausea and vomiting – treatment?

Answer 14

Zofran (ondansetron)

Question 15

Neoplasm

Answer 15

A new and abnormal growth of tissue

Question 16

Metastasis

Answer 16

Secondary malignant growths at a distance from primary site of cancer

Question 17

Cancer associated with grilling and barbeque?

Answer 17

Colorectal cancer

Question 18

Conditions requires the greatest increase in kilocaloric demand?

Answer 18

Burns

Question 19

Know the 2020–2025 dietary guidelines

Answer 19

Recommend decrease in sugar intake
Decrease intake of processed foods
Increase exercise
Lean meats
Whole grains
Non-meat proteins (almond milk, legumes, soy products)

Question 20

Food insecurity – be able to identify

Answer 20

Not having access to sufficient food, or food of an adequate quality, to meet one’s basic needs

Question 21

Measuring energy content of foods

Answer 21

Bomb calorimeter; insulated container in which food is burned to measure energy content

Question 22

Isometric exercises – elderly hospitalized client

Answer 22

Tightening (contractions) of a specific muscle or group of muscles

Squeezing stress ball, tense arms and legs

Question 23

Puberty – energy requirements

Answer 23

Need more energy during puberty because they are growing (takes more to build than tear down)

Question 24

Nature of vitamins, minerals

Answer 24

Vitamins: organic

Minerals: inorganic

Question 25

African American client – would you recommend thiazide and CCB’s?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

Percentage of our water that comes from foods

Answer 26

20%

Question 27

Causes of dehydration

Answer 27

Not drinking enough fluids Vomiting Diarrhea Diaphoresis High temps High altitudes Low humidity

Question 28

Functions of water

Answer 28

Give body shape and form Maintain blood volume and pressure Regulate body temp by absorbing heat produced by fever and metabolic processes Form the structure of large molecules Transports nutrients and waste away from cells

Question 29

Mechanical digestion in the body – how?

Answer 29

Chewing

Question 30

Vomiting – acidosis or alkalosis?

Answer 30

Vomiting can cause alkalosis (AHHHLkalosis)

Question 31

Pregnant mother – iron supplementation, teaching

Answer 31

Iron supplements are important to take for pregnant women (especially with anemia) bc untreated iron deficiency anemia causes 2x likelihood of maternal death Take with vitamin C supplements, OJ, fiber, stool softener

Question 32

Recommended for the preschool child

Answer 32

Serving size for 4- to 6-year-olds are same as those recommended for adults

Question 33

Benefits of breast milk

Answer 33

Decreased rates of SID and decreased rates of eczema and helps with immune system

Question 34

the food handling process and contamination

Answer 34

Food contamination can happen due to improper food handling

Question 35

Food irradiation

Answer 35

Kills bacteria and parasites in food Used to delay sprouting and ripening in foods

Question 36

Potassium and excretion of urine

Answer 36

Potassium promotes urinary elimination of sodium (lowering BP)

Question 37

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

Answer 37

No beta cells, can’t produce insulin Polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria (glucosuria)

Question 38

Priority lab values and physical assessments – DKA

Answer 38

Hyperglycemia, hot and dry, Kussmaul’s respirations, increased urination Low sodium, high potassium, high blood sugar

Question 39

IV insulin

Answer 39

Regular insulin (100 u/100 mL NS)

Question 40

What is allowed on the DASH diet?

Answer 40

No more than 27% of intake should be fat or oils Only 18% of diet should be comprised of protein 55% of intake should be carbs No more than 2,300 mg of sodium should be consumed

Question 41

Know fat and water soluble vitamins

Answer 41

Fat soluble: more stable during processing (DEKA) Water soluble: not all retained during food processing

Question 42

Know neural tube defects

Answer 42

Spina bifida Anencephaly Meningoencephalocele

Question 43

Know causes of renal failure

Answer 43

Diabetes (diabetic neuropathy) Hypertension

Question 44

Protein complementation

Answer 44

Since plants are incomplete proteins, eating two or more plants with incomplete proteins can make a complete protein

Question 45

Classic diabetic triad

Answer 45

Polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria (glucosuria)

Question 46

Be able to give specific examples of trans, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats.

Answer 46

Polyunsaturated: salmon, avocado, almonds, cashews, peanuts, olives/ olive oil Saturated: meat and animal products Trans fats: processed foods (chips, candy, etc)

Question 47

What two electrolytes play an important role in acid-base balance?

Answer 47

potassium and phosphorus