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Nutrition > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Anorexia and mouth issues

A

Mouth issues (ulcers, stomatitis) can cause anorexia because it is painful/difficult to eat

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2
Q

A nurse is caring for a client with mouth ulcers – teaching?

A

Soft food, use straw, mouth care (rinse/gentle)

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3
Q

AIDS and dementia

A

AIDS dementia complex

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4
Q

HIV infection can cause organ dysfunction such as:

A

Cholecystitis, hepatomegaly, pancreatitis, end-stage renal failure

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5
Q

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adverse effect:

A

Lipodystrophy (peripheral fat wasting and fat accumulation centrally)

Can cause metabolic abnormalities in total cholesterol, increased low-density lipoprotein, and increased triglycerides, which may necessitate that clients modify their diets

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6
Q

Megestrol acetate

A

Used for appetite stimulation and to increase kilocalorie intake in AIDS patients

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7
Q

AIDS and energy expenditure

A

AIDS patients use more energy than healthy people

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8
Q

Right to self determination

A

Right to decide for themselves the way in which they live or die

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9
Q

MAOI – food restrictions/allowances

A

Tyramine can cause hypertensive crisis with MAOI

Tyramine foods: cured foods, processed meats, bologna, cheeses (except gouda)

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10
Q

Diabetes – autoimmune conditions

A

People with type 1 DM are more prone to other autoimmune diseases

Graves’ disease, lymphocytic thyroiditis, Addison disease, vitiligo, celiac disease, autoimmune hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, pernicious anemia

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11
Q

Minimum fasting recommendations for surgery

A

Fatty foods or meats: 8 hours
Non-human milk or light meal: 6 hours
Breast milk: 4 hours
Clear liquids: 2 hours

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12
Q

Cachexia of cancer

A

A general state of ill health involving marked weight loss and muscle loss

Treat underlying cancer and the cachexia will resolve

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13
Q

Interventions to increase oral intake for a client with cancer and anorexia

A

Soft foods

Orajel before meals to numb them during eating

Offer pain meds 30 mins before mealtime

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14
Q

Client with cancer who is experiencing nausea and vomiting – treatment?

A

Zofran (ondansetron)

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15
Q

Neoplasm

A

A new and abnormal growth of tissue

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16
Q

Metastasis

A

Secondary malignant growths at a distance from primary site of cancer

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17
Q

Cancer associated with grilling and barbeque?

A

Colorectal cancer

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18
Q

Conditions requires the greatest increase in kilocaloric demand?

A

Burns

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19
Q

Know the 2020–2025 dietary guidelines

A

Recommend decrease in sugar intake
Decrease intake of processed foods
Increase exercise
Lean meats
Whole grains
Non-meat proteins (almond milk, legumes, soy products)

20
Q

Food insecurity – be able to identify

A

Not having access to sufficient food, or food of an adequate quality, to meet one’s basic needs

21
Q

Measuring energy content of foods

A

Bomb calorimeter; insulated container in which food is burned to measure energy content

22
Q

Isometric exercises – elderly hospitalized client

A

Tightening (contractions) of a specific muscle or group of muscles

Squeezing stress ball, tense arms and legs

23
Q

Puberty – energy requirements

A

Need more energy during puberty because they are growing (takes more to build than tear down)

24
Q

Nature of vitamins, minerals

A

Vitamins: organic

Minerals: inorganic

25
Q

African American client – would you recommend thiazide and CCB’s?

A

Yes

26
Q

Percentage of our water that comes from foods

A

20%

27
Q

Causes of dehydration

A

Not drinking enough fluids
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Diaphoresis
High temps
High altitudes
Low humidity

28
Q

Functions of water

A

Give body shape and form
Maintain blood volume and pressure
Regulate body temp by absorbing heat produced by fever and metabolic processes
Form the structure of large molecules
Transports nutrients and waste away from cells

29
Q

Mechanical digestion in the body – how?

A

Chewing

30
Q

Vomiting – acidosis or alkalosis?

A

Vomiting can cause alkalosis (AHHHLkalosis)

31
Q

Pregnant mother – iron supplementation, teaching

A

Iron supplements are important to take for pregnant women (especially with anemia) bc untreated iron deficiency anemia causes 2x likelihood of maternal death

Take with vitamin C supplements, OJ, fiber, stool softener

32
Q

Recommended for the preschool child

A

Serving size for 4- to 6-year-olds are same as those recommended for adults

33
Q

Benefits of breast milk

A

Decreased rates of SID and decreased rates of eczema and helps with immune system

34
Q

the food handling process and contamination

A

Food contamination can happen due to improper food handling

35
Q

Food irradiation

A

Kills bacteria and parasites in food

Used to delay sprouting and ripening in foods

36
Q

Potassium and excretion of urine

A

Potassium promotes urinary elimination of sodium (lowering BP)

37
Q

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

A

No beta cells, can’t produce insulin

Polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria (glucosuria)

38
Q

Priority lab values and physical assessments – DKA

A

Hyperglycemia, hot and dry, Kussmaul’s respirations, increased urination

Low sodium, high potassium, high blood sugar

39
Q

IV insulin

A

Regular insulin (100 u/100 mL NS)

40
Q

What is allowed on the DASH diet?

A

No more than 27% of intake should be fat or oils
Only 18% of diet should be comprised of protein
55% of intake should be carbs
No more than 2,300 mg of sodium should be consumed

41
Q

Know fat and water soluble vitamins

A

Fat soluble: more stable during processing (DEKA)

Water soluble: not all retained during food processing

42
Q

Know neural tube defects

A

Spina bifida

Anencephaly

Meningoencephalocele

43
Q

Know causes of renal failure

A

Diabetes (diabetic neuropathy)

Hypertension

44
Q

Protein complementation

A

Since plants are incomplete proteins, eating two or more plants with incomplete proteins can make a complete protein

45
Q

Classic diabetic triad

A

Polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria (glucosuria)

46
Q

Be able to give specific examples of trans, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats.

A

Polyunsaturated: salmon, avocado, almonds, cashews, peanuts, olives/ olive oil
Saturated: meat and animal products
Trans fats: processed foods (chips, candy, etc)

47
Q

What two electrolytes play an important role in acid-base balance?

A

potassium and phosphorus

Nutrition (5 decks)

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