Module 2: Epidemiology of glaucoma Flashcards
Glaucoma is subdivided by TWO main categories. esp…whats the first row when you breaking glaucoma down. what do you want to know first ?
a. primary vs seconday
b. open vs closed
b. open vs closed. are the first way to classify it. you can add in childhood glaucoma…but we dont deal much with it.
Open angle glaucoma is can be classified as ____ and ____.
a. normal tension and high tension
b. primary and secondary
a. normal tension and high tension
Angle closure glaucoma can be classified as ____ and _____/
a. normal tension and high tension
b. primary and secondary
b. primary and secondary
_____ (normal/high) Tension open angle glaucoma can be classified as primary and secondary _____ tension open angle glaucoma.
HIGH tension glaucoma. you can’t have a primary and secondary NTG.
“Primary “ means the problem is
in the angle itself
secondary means the problem is
is some place else. Iris, uveitis. something that is interring with outflow. something else is causing the prob.
which type of glaucoma is a dx of exclusion?
normal tension glaucoma. (normal tension is when iop is below 21)
is a diagnosis reserved for individuals who do not definitively have glaucoma at the present time but have characteristics suggesting that they are at high risk of developing the disease in the future based on a variety of factors.”
Glaucoma suspect
is “labeled when typical glaucoma disk changes, visual field defects, and open anterior chamber angles are associated with IOP above 21 mmHg.”
may not be above 21 at every visit
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma - (POAG)
Prevalence by region.
which REGION has the higher PREVALENCE of POAG?
AFRICA
prevalence by region.
which region has higher prevalence of PACG?
asian regions
by race/ancestry
which has narrow angle glaucoma high prevalence
chinese and vitemanese
which race has the higher prevalence of normal tension open angle glaucoma?
japanese. the japanese has the higher prevalence rate of OAG and the higher prevalence of NTG.
Which age group has a higher prevalence of glaucoma?
older age group no matter location or race.
in terms of prjoections what do we expect to see in the future with glaucoma by geographic region
all regions of the world will show an increase
in terms of race/ethnicity, what do we expect to see in US?
every racial/ethnicity will show an increase. because the US. population is aging, and glaucoma is an aging dz.
minorities are aging that is what is driving prevalence.
a low CCT (central corneal thickness) means the risk of progression glaucoma (poag)
is HIGH
A LOW CCT is below
555 um
a patient has a dx of htn. the other patient does not have a dx of htn. which patient has a pooled relative risk of glaucoma
the pt with the htn dz. once dx with htn…then you get a risk .
a patient has a blood pressure of 116/70. how would you expect this to affect their IOP?
well, its a low bp. A LOW BP IS THE LEVEL WHERE THE EFFECT ON IOP is significant. The effect is a low IOP.
it would be a minimal effect on iop if it was a high blood pressure
a ____ (low/high) opp is a risk factor for glaucoma
LOW
what two things can lead to a lowering of ocular perfusion pressure?
(hint: bp and iop). what is it? an increase or decrease
a DECREASE IN blood pressure (reason why we have to make pts arent overtreated on their htn meds. call pcp)
an INCREASE IN IOP
clinically, PTS WHO ARE TAKING THEIR HTN AT BEDTIME AND THEY HAVE GLAUCOMA ARE AT A SERIOUS RISK OF PROGRESSION
True. because glacuoma patients are sensitive to nocturnal hypotension and those dips in blood pressure seen at bedtime compared to patients who do not have glaucoma.
t/f we should treat older patients more aggressively.
false. we need to treat younger patients more aggressively. if dx early in life it slows the death of the onh.
in txt, all we are doing is slowing down the death the of the onh. so that it outlives the body.
