Module 2 Disorders Flashcards
Too much pressure of the blood against the arterial walls.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
The blood pressure is not adequate for normal blood flow and getting enough oxygen to the body tissues.
Hypotension (Low blood pressure)
The heart is not strong enough to pump blood throughout the body. The heart pumps so weakly that blood backs up in the veins and body organs.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
A blood vessel within the heart muscle closes or is blocked so that the heart muscle itself is damaged because it does not get enough oxygen.
Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarct or MI)
A rupture or a blockage of a blood vessel in the brain, depriving parts of the brain of blood supply.
Stroke or Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)
Heartbeat (Pulse) has an irregular beat.
Heart Arrhythmia
URIs include the common cold, sinus problems, chronic cough, sore throat, runny nose, sinus infection, and tonsillitis. Either a bacteria or a virus can cause these infections.
Upper Respiratory Infections (URI)
An inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. Symptoms include fever, chills, and cough.
Pneumonia
A progressive and irreversible condition where the person has difficulty breathing in and out due to a problem in the lungs or bronchi. The most common cause is smoking.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
A chronic disease in which the respiratory system reacts to things in the environment like dust, mold, pollen, fumes, and sometimes foods. These attacks cause a person to have difficulty breathing and wheezes.
Asthma
Area of skin where lack of blood flow due to continuous pressure has caused tissue damage. They are preventable.
Pressure Injuries. (Decubitus Ulcer or Bed sore)
A chronically open oozing area, due to blood in the veins not getting pumped back to the heart fast enough. The skin around the injury becomes discolored brown. Occurs most often on the lower legs and feet.
Stasis/Venous Ulcers
Round open areas on the feet and lower leg due to lack of blood flow to the legs.
Arterial Ulcers (Diabetic Ulcers)
Raised, red, bumpy areas on the skin that are often itchy.
Rash
Cause by a break in the skin like a scratch where bacteria have taken hold.
Infection.
Skin damage that is caused by fire, sun, chemicals, hot objects or liquids, or electricity. Classified by how deeply the skin is damaged.
Burns
The skin is reddened and may be swollen and tender
1st degree burn.
Usually have blisters, intense redness, pain, and swelling.
2nd degree burn.
A burn that’s most serious and involve all layers of skin.
3rd degree burn.
Abnormal growth on the skin. Most are little, pearly bumps or sores that bleed, scab over, but never heal up. These usually don’t spread and are treatable.
Skin Cancer/Lesions.
A more dangerous kind of skin cancer, irregularly shaped and may be described as a “strange mole” or mole that is changing.
Melanomas.
Surgical incisions that haven’t healed and have opened up. These need to heal from the inside out.
Dehisced wounds.
Any abnormal tunneling that connects parts of the body that are not normally connected. Sometimes there’s drainage like bowel contents or other body fluids.
Fistulas.
An infection of one or more parts of the urinary tract. More common in women than men.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Inability to control urination
Urinary Incompetence.
The prostate gland in men, located between the bottom of the bladder and the top of the penis, can become enlarged. Can block flow of urine making it hard for men to start urination and completely empty their bladders.
Enlarged Prostate.
Failure to have regular bowel movements. Feces become hard and dry.
Constipation
Prolonged collection and holding of feces (solid waste) in the lower colon.
Fecal Impaction
These are veins in the rectum. They can be internal or external.
Hemorrhoids
A soreness or tissue breakdown in any section of the GI tract.
Gastrointestinal Ulcer
Bowels are very easily irritated and are abnormally active causing diarrhea.
Colitis (Irritable Bowel)
Excessive loss of water from the body tissue, or the body not taking in enough fluid.
Dehydration
Feeling of “heartburn” caused by partially digested food/acid mixture backing up into the lower esophagus.
GERD (Gastro-Esophageal Reflux)
The pancreas does not produce any or enough of a hormone called insulin. Without insulin the body cannot properly use sugar to fuel the body’s cells. As a result, sugar (glucose) stays in the bloodstream and is excreted in the urine.
Diabetes Mellitus
The thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. This is a fairly common condition in the elderly and is easily treated with synthetic thyroid.
Hypothyroidism (Low Thyroid)
A sudden increase in the electrical activity in one portion of the brain. This can occur in one area with specific and localized symptoms or it may spread to the entire brain, resulting in loss of consciousness and the body shaking. This sudden discharge of electrical activity can have several causes, ranging from epilepsy to head injury. Many types.
Seizures
A disorder of the central nervous system which can cause seizures.
Epilepsy
A slowly progressive disease of the central nervous system. Tremors can have other causes such as brain trauma or medication side effects.
Parkinson’s Disease and other Tremors
A progressive disease caused by the destruction of brain cells. There are several causes of this. __________ is the most common.
Alzheimer’s and other Dementias
An injury to the brain from an accident, an assault, a fall, or from lack of blood supply and oxygen like after a near drowning or cardiac arrest.
Traumatic Brain Injury
With _______ the bones gradually become so weak that they can fracture (break) with something as minor as a sneeze.
Osteoporosis
Can also cause low back pain, stooped shoulders and the rapid loss of height. It mostly affects post-menopausal women, however men can get _________.
Osteoporosis
An inflammation of joints, can be any one of several types. The major kinds are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.
Arthritis
A break in a bone. Treated by getting the pieces of the bone lined up into normal position and keeping the area stable with a cast, or by putting screws, pins, or plates into the bone. Healing of bones may take several weeks.
Fractures
Lense of the eye becomes opaque.
Cataracts
Eyes don’t produce enough tears to lubricate the eye, so it often feels like there’s something in the eye like dirt or eyelash. This can lead to scratches on the surface of the eye.
Dry Eyes
A series of changes that happen inside the eye causing decreased vision and even blindness. This is an irreversible process.
Macular Degeneration
A buildup of fluid pressure inside the eye that can lead to blindness. Can be managed with medication.
Glaucoma
A complication of diabetes involving the retina inside the eye. Can lead to decreased vision and even blindness.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Loss of ability to hear certain sounds that can be caused by a number of things including long-term exposure to loud noises.
Hearing loss
A ringing or buzzing in the ears that has a number of causes including exposure to loud noises, infections, or side effects of some medications.
Tinnitis
A common condition in the elderly and may be due to some internal changes in the ear as well as many other causes
Dizziness or Vertigo
