Module 2: Determinants of Culture Flashcards
1) Social Structure
2) Economic Philosophy
3) Political Philosophy
4) Religion
5) Language
6) Education
6 Determinants of Culture
— social strata → where a person is
— takes into account where you come from
— beliefs in the values, behaviors, attitudes
— can be interchanged with the economic structure
— one’s culture is molded upon the location you live/grew up in
Determinants of Culture: Social Structure
— interchangeable with social structure
— takes about materialism and post-materialism; collectivism and individualism
Determinants of Culture: Economic Philosophy
→ put importance to resources; people keep on working to get wealth or physical belongings
Economic Philosophy: Materialism
→ put value in the quality of life; happens in a society where the economy is well-developed
Economic Philosophy: Post-Materialism
→ gives important to the group as a whole; gives high regard to the members of the family (ex. Filipinos)
Economic Philosophy: Collectivism
→ running for individual achievement; gives importance to their own (ex. Westerns)
Economic Philosophy: Individualism
— beliefs and values are affected by the political climate
— examples:
— Democracy → USA, Philippines (i.e. EDSA Revolution)
— Socialism/Communism → China
Determinants of Culture: Political Philosophy
— before in the Philippines, only men could only pursue education
— women are for homes to get married and reproduce
Determinants of Culture: Education
1) First Culture - Home Culture
2) Second Culture - Host Culture
3) Third Culture - Mix of both
The Third Culture Model
→ comes from home and family
→ where you are born
First Culture (Home Culture)
→ attained from living in a different place
→ ex. people working abroad gets the habits of the culture of that place
Second Culture (Host Culture)
→ shared commonalities of those living internationally mobile lifestyle
→ offsprings get the third culture
Third Culture (Interstitial Culture)
1) National
2) Regional
3) Organizational
4) Team
5) Individual
5 Levels/Facets of Culture
— talks about the nation
— PH culture, USA culture
Levels/Facets of Culture: National
— talks about regions in the country
— Laguna culture (Tagalog); Visayan culture (Bisaya)
Levels/Facets of Culture: Regional
— company culture
Levels/Facets of Culture: Organizational
— can also be in companies or school
Levels/Facets of Culture: Team
— your own culture
Levels/Facets of Culture: Individual
— a set of cultural attitudes, beliefs, or customs that holds a dominant position in a large geographical, and may often find itself into culture of lesser groups
— fusion of different cultures; not particular to one nation
— example:
→ European Culture - different countries but same the share culture; going for tanner skin rather than fairer complexion
Superculture
— may happen over time in a group or society
— this is due to the experiences of that society as it affected the traditional culture and other organizational structures of that society
Cultural Change
1) Invention
2) Economy
3) Globalization
4) War and Disaster
5) Ideas
6) Aesthetics
7) Rights and Freedom
8) Laws
9) Design
10 ) Infrastructure
11) Education
12) Environment
13) Leaders
13 Determinants of Cultural Change
— technological change such as the Internet allows people to connect to social groups and media that represents a particular worldview
— example: Internet, Zoom meetings
— results to tribalism, whereby people no longer see themselves as part of a greater society
— example: jejemons, emos, digital tribe(where we belong to now), etc.
Determinants of Cultural Change: Invention
— a nation has a growing middle class may experience enrichment of culture as people have the economic security to pursue happiness
— for example, a nation with a growing middle class have a significant pool of talent who are pursuing creative careers in architecture, design, music, arts, literature and entertainment
— in the PH, there was a time where majority of middle class family want their children to be nurses
Determinants of Cultural Change: Economy
— the process of exchange and integration between nations, as accelerated by developments in communication, transportation, peace and cooperation
— occurs when cultures try to copy each other, always imperfect and leading to a new culture
— example:
— American influence → PH has become the 3rd largest English-speaking nation
— Coca-Cola → one of the companies that can delve into globalization; “Share a Coke” campaign where Coca-Cola bottles have names that are most common to each country — Domino’s Pizza → embraced differing tastes and food habits in various markets; came up with different flavors that will be popular for a certain nation; localized menu innovation
Determinants of Cultural Change: Globalization
— conflict and disaster destabilizes a society, resulting in the abandonment of cultural pursuits as people focus on survival and security
— example:
— war in mindanao → people turned into prioritizing their survival, cultural pursuits took the backseat
Determinants of Cultural Change: War and Disaster
— the emergence and diffusion of new ideas; it is the survival of the fittest where good ideas survive over time and bad ideas are overcome
— example:
— ideation of G-Cash → we are now in the era of being a cashless society
— beta max → from beta max to VHS — Coca-Cola → tried inventing a new drink, but the society did not like it and prefer the classic one
Determinants of Cultural Change: Ideas
— aesthetic tastes changes through time as new styles emerge and people emulate it
— example:
— interior design → from classic to minimalist/industrial — South Korea → major plastic surgeries are acceptable
Determinants of Cultural Change: Aesthetics
— aesthetic tastes changes through time as new styles emerge and people emulate it
— example:
— interior design → from classic to minimalist/industrial
— South Korea → major plastic surgeries are acceptable
Determinants of Cultural Change: Rights and Freedom
— laws and regulations have broad cultural impacts
— for example, laws regulating businesses to close at a particular hour restrain the night economy of a city
— example:
— Hong Kong → there is a night market where people can go until the wee hours of the morning
— Philippines → foreigners cannot invest due to laws prohibiting them to buy lands; paperwork in opening a business is also tedious
Determinants of Cultural Change: Laws
— design impacts culture
— for example, urban design of cities influences how communities
interact such as city full of parks and public spaces that develop a
lively feel
— example:
— Ayala Malls → always have a garden/outdoor area
Determinants of Cultural Change: Design
— hard infrastructure such as sidewalks and soft infrastructures dealing with health such as hospitals create movement and satisfaction with public service
Determinants of Cultural Change: Infrastructure
— a foundation of culture beginning with basic language and social skills that provide tools to discover and use knowledge
— an education that fails society can result into a cultural decline where communities have little sense of traditions, norms, shared experiences, civility, arts, literature and celebrations
— example:
— Men in Education → before only men can study and women will stay at home to be a housewife; now, women have equal rights
Determinants of Cultural Change: Education
— a nation with poor environment impacts culture
— for example, a city with poor air quality restricts people from going out
— example:
— Beijing → smoggy environment leads to the people wearing face masks when going outside
Determinants of Cultural Change: Environment
— as unify people towards a common goal and purpose
— can be a symbol of culture, such as Martin Luther King who represented the Black American culture
Determinants of Cultural Change: Leaders
— to have an unfounded idea or belief or idea group based upon how they are seen
— perception may be based on facts or otherwise
— tries to say that all people of that group are the same with no basis at all
Stereotype
