Module 2 - Consonants, Vowels Flashcards
What is a phone?
Speech sound
What is a phoneme?
Language specific sounds
What is articulatory phonetics?
Study of the production of sounds produced by the vocal tract
What are articulators?
- Parts in our oral, nasal and pharangeal cavities that helps to shape speech sounds
What is included in the vocal tract?
All anatomy used to produce sound from lungs - layrnx - articulators
What is the first stage of speech production?
Respiration - source of air from lungs, pulmonic or exhale air
What is the second stage of speech production?
Phonation - buzzing sound generated by vocal folds. Raw ingredient of many sounds
What is the third stage of speech production?
Articulation - articulators move to transform sound to speech
What are consonants?
Speech sounds produced by obstruction of air-flow in the vocal tract, full stop or friction
What are vowels?
- Speech sounds that have no obstruction of air-flow in the vocal tract
Free flow of air through the vocal tract
Describe the Place in the IPA Chart?
The place is where the air is constricted
Describe the Manner in the IPA Chart
The way the air is obstructed (plosive, puffed out)
Describe Voice in the IPA Chart
Voiced means that vocal folds are vibrating
How do you describe consonants?
Voice - place - manner
/p/ : voiceless-bilabial-oral stop
Describe the place of Labiodental sounds
Bottom lip (labio) touches top teeth (dental)
Describe the place of bilabial sounds
2 lips together
Describe the place of Alveolar sounds
Tongue touches alveolar ridge
Describe the place of Post-alveolar sounds
Tongue is raised to the area behind the alveolar ridge
Describe Palatal sounds
Tongue is raised to the hard palate
Describe Velar sounds
Back of tongue is raised to soft palate (velum)
What is a labiovelar sound
- /w/
Involves rounding of lip and tongue in the velar area
Describe Glottal manner of articulation
- Air flows through narrow glottis past the tongue and lips
- Glottal stop
Vocal folds close off airway completely
Describe Dental Sounds
Tongue is behind upper teeth
What does manner of articulation focus on?
- Direction of airflow
- Degree of constriction to impede air flow
- If oral air flow, whether it is central or lateral
Describe Stops
- continuant / non-continuant
- Non-continuants (block air)
- Airflow is stopped in the cavity before it is released
- Plosives / oral stops p b t d k g
- Nasal stops /m n ŋ /
Describe Fricatives
- Continuant - air flows continuously through oral cavity
- Sound is produced by constricting the airway to cause friction
Describe Affricates
- Non-continuant
- Air is stopped initially then released slowly into a fricative
Describe glides
- Tongue moves from one place to another
- /w/ /j/
- Central air flow
- continuant
Describe Approximants
- Continuants (similar to vowels, air flows continuously)
- Cannot form a syllable
Describe liquids
- /l/ - continual lateral air flow
/ɹ/ - continuant central air flow
Define Voiced
Vocal folds are held close together and vibrate
Define Voiceless
- No vocal fold vibration
Vocal folds are apart, air flows freely through the glottis
What are vowels?
- Speech sounds produced with no constriction of air
- Produced by changing size and shape of the oral cavity and movement of lips and tongue
- Loud, carry pitch
- They are the nucleus of a syllable
What does HPT stand for?
Highest Point of Tongue
How do you describe vowels?
- Height tongue-frontedness-rounding of lips
- /e/ : high-front-unrounded sound
- By length of sound
–Long vowel /ɐː/ Short vowel /ɐ/
Which vowel is the neutral?
- Schwa
Only occurs in unstressed syllables
What is a monophthong
- Stable articulatory position
- No dynamic movement
One vowel phoneme
What is a diphthong?
- Dynamic movement, change in articulator positions
One vowel phoneme represented by 2 vowel symbols
What is a rising diphthong?
Ending vowel sound has a higher HPT than the beginning
What is a falling diphthong?
Ending vowel sound has a lower HPT than the beginning
Define orthography
- Representation of speech sounds using the alphabet
Spelling rules and conventions for writing symbols
Define Syllable
- Syllable is a unit of sound that forms the building block of a word
- Rhythm of a word
Must contain one vowel