Module 2 (Concept of Society and Culture)

Question 1

group of people sharing a common identity, culture, territory, and language who act together for collective survival and well-being

Answer 1

society

Question 2

organization that caters to a human’s need for belongingness in a group

Answer 2

society

Question 3

theoretical perspectives in society

Answer 3

structural-functional perspective, conflict perspective, symbolic-interactionist perspective

Question 4

created by Durkheim and Weber; claims that “society is made possible by cooperation and interdependence as it views itself as a system with parts that had respective functions to perform”

Answer 4

structural-functional perspective

Question 5

created by Marx; claims that “society was formed due to series of conflicts that produces new set of relations and interactions”

Answer 5

conflict perspective

Question 6

created by Cooley and Mead; claims that “society was formed by the set of symbols and meanings created and interpreted by people”

Answer 6

symbolic-interactionist perspective

Question 7

complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society

Answer 7

culture

Question 8

an organized body of conventional understandings manifest in art which persisting through tradition, characterizes a human group

Answer 8

culture

Question 9

everything that a person learns as a member of the society

Answer 9

culture

Question 10

components of culture

Answer 10

tangible/material and non-tangible/immaterial

Question 11

all material objects; provides physical space for culture

Answer 11

tangible/material

Question 12

abstractions; beliefs, values, norms, traditional skills and technologies

Answer 12

non-tangible/immaterial

Question 13

characteristics of culture

Answer 13

varies in each society, social, shared, learned and transmitted, continuous and cumulative

Question 14

product of behavior and of the society

Answer 14

culture is social

Question 15

develops through social interaction

Answer 15

culture is social

Question 16

the experiences of other people are impressed on a person as he or she grows up

Answer 16

culture is social

Question 17

culture of each society is unique to itself due to the fact that it is a human product

Answer 17

culture varies from society to society

Question 18

various members of a society commonly share ideas, activities and artifacts, making it socially and conventionally standardized

Answer 18

culture is shared

Question 19

shared culture provides order and meaning in interpreting behavioral patters of individuals in a society

Answer 19

culture is shared

Question 20

transmission is not automatics but largely depends on the willingness of people to give and receive it

Answer 20

culture is shared

Question 21

learned socially rather than biologically

Answer 21

culture is learned and transmitted

Question 22

handed to generations through the process of socialization and/or enculturation

Answer 22

culture is learned and transmitted

Question 23

culture is bestowed in a cumulative fashion

Answer 23

culture is learned and transmitted

Question 24

culture exists as a continuous process, responsive to the changing conditions of the physical world

Answer 24

culture is continuous and cumulative

Question 25

functions of culture

Answer 25

defines myths, legends, and supernatural, defines situations, defines behavioral patterns, defines attitudes, values, and goals

Question 26

each culture has many subtle cues which define each situation

Answer 26

culture defines situations

Question 27

cues which define situations appear in infinite variety

Answer 27

culture defines situations

Question 28

a person who moves from one society to another will spend many years misreading the cues

Answer 28

culture defines situations

Question 29

attitudes, values, and goals are defined by the culture and the individual normally learns them as unconsciously as he or she learns the language

Answer 29

culture defines attitudes, values, and goals

Question 30

by approving certain goals and ridiculing others, the culture channels individual ambitions

Answer 30

culture defines attitudes, values, and goals

Question 31

culture provides the individual with a ready-made view of the universe

Answer 31

culture defines myths, legends, and the supernatural

Question 33

the nature of the divine power and the important moral issues are defined by culture

Answer 33

culture defines myths, legends, and the supernatural

Question 34

culture imposes limits on humans and their activities

Answer 34

culture provides behavioral patterns

Question 35

need for order calls forth the need for culture to establish behavioral patterns so that disorderly behavior can be avoided

Answer 35

culture provides behavioral patterns

Question 36

practice of comparing other cultural practices with those of one’s own and automatically finding those other cultural practices to be inferior; conceived by William Graham Sumner; universal reaction found in all known societies

Answer 36

ethnocentrism

Question 37

when do we become ethnocentric?

Answer 37

when you judge the behavior and beliefs of people who are different from you, when you believe that there are primitive cultures, especially if their way of life is different from yours, when you believe that some cultures are backward if they lack the consumerism and technology of your culture

Question 38

functions of ethnocentrism

Answer 38

encourages group solidarity, hinders the understanding or cooperation between groups

Question 39

preference for the foreign

Answer 39

xenocentrism

Question 40

strong belief that one’s own products, styles, or ideas are inferior to those which originated elsewhere

Answer 40

xenocentrism

Question 41

fear of what is perceived as foreign or strange

Answer 41

xenophobia

Question 42

can be seen in the relations and perceptions of an ingroup towards an out-group

Answer 42

xenophobia

Question 43

idea that all norms, beliefs, and values are dependent of their cultural context

Answer 43

cultural relativism