Finding Philippines (unsure which module this is under) Flashcards
The Philippines is an archipelago made up of _,___ (number) islands divided into three geographical areas: _____, _______, and ________. Its capital is ______.
7,107 islands
Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao
Manila
Along with its ___ dialects, Filipinos speak two official languages: _______ and _______.
111 dialects
Filipino and English
As Asia’s ______ democracy, the Philippines pays homage to the citizens by giving them
power to select the leader they deem capable to lead.
Asia’s oldest democracy
The first Homo species on the Philippines arrived during the Pleistocene period (631,000
and 777,000 years ago). This is evidenced by unearthed artifacts found in _______.
Kalinga
The earliest known hominin remains in the Philippines are the 67,000-year-old fossil
discovered in 2007 in the ______ Caves, Cagayan.
Callao Caves, Cagayan
An earlier find in _____ Cave, Palawan (1962) was fossilized fragments of skull and
jawbone of three individuals, called the “_____ ___”. It was presumed a Negrito, who
were among the archipelago’s earliest inhabitants.
Tabon Cave, Palawan
“Tabon Man”
theories of early human migration
wave migration theory, core population theory, out of sundaland, out of taiwan
H. Otley Beyer proposed that Filipino ancestors came to the islands first via land bridges and then later via seagoing vessels such as the balangay.
wave migration theory
Felipe Landa Jocano proposed that early inhabitants of Southeast Asia were of the same ethnic group with a similar culture, but over time, they differentiated themselves.
core population theory
Modern authors proposed that the origin of the Austronesian peoples, including the early Filipinos, were from the sunken Sundaland landmass: modern Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula.
out of sundaland
Peter Bellwood proposed that the first Austronesians reached the Philippines in around 2,200 BCE from Taiwan to Batanes Islands, then settled downwards to the rest of the islands of the Philippines and Southeast Asia.
out of taiwan
Upon settlement, different tribes and cultures flourished. The early FIlipinos developed a culture advanced enough to trade with the Tamil Nadu (____ _____) in the ninth and tenth centuries BCE.
South India
Archeological findings, existing literature and other proof of pre-colonial communities in the Philippines provide evidence of Filipinos’ rich cultural heritage.
Philippines pre-colonial culture
The majority of the political system in the early Philippines was led by leaders called “_____”, responsible for ruling autonomous groups called “_________” or “_______”
Datus
“barangay” or “dulohan”
old social structure (highest class to lowest class)
datu, maginoo, maharlika, timawa, alipin
ruling class, chief
datu
noble people/families
maginoo
warriors
maharlika
freeman, tribespeople
timawa
slave — dependent class, which can be _______ namamahay (serfs) or _______ saguiguilid (slaves)
alipin
Other areas called their leaders “___________” in Cagayan Valley, “______” in Gaddang, “_________” in Ilocos, and “______” in Zamboanga.
benganganat” in Cagayan Valley
“mingal” in Gaddang
“babacnang” in Ilocos
“timuay” in Zamboanga
Philippine folk tales, epics, poems, and chants existed in most ethnolinguistic groups and were passed from generation to generation through ____ __ _____.
word of mouth
____ __ ___-___ of the Ilocanos narrates the adventures of epic hero, Lam-ang.
Biag ni Lam-ang (Life of Lam-ang)
________ (to spell) was the pre-colonial writing system in the Philippines.
Baybayin
_______ was widely practiced in the pre-colonial Philippines. This is a collection of beliefs in the idea that the world is inhabited by spirits and supernatural entities, both good and bad, and that respect must be accorded to them through worship.
Animism
These entities are commonly called the ______, referring to spirits including household deities, deceased ancestors, nature-spirits, nymphs, and diwatas (minor gods and demigods).
anitos
Tagalog supreme deities include _______ and his children Adlaw, Mayari, and Tala, or the Visayan deity ___-____.
Bathala
Kan-Laon
Folk healers were called the ________: shamans and spiritual leaders, and __________: the medicine men
babaylan and mananambal
Farmers adapted the _______ (swidden agriculture) to produce staple crops such as rice, millet, bananas, and root crops.
kaingin
Weapons wielded by Filipino warriors
balaraw, kris, and kampilan
