Module 2 - ch. 9 inflammation & immunity Flashcards
The primary lymphoid organs are
thymus & bone marrow
T cells develop in the
thymus
B cells develop in the
bone marrow
where do lymphocytes migrate to?
secondary lymphoid structures, spleen and lymph nodes
where are blood cells produced? in response to specific hematopoietic growth factors
bone marrow
what phagocytic cells provide innate protection?
Granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils) & monocytes (macrophages)
what specific cells react to particular antigens?
Lymphocytes (B cells, T cells)
what lymphocytes lack T cell and B cell markers and function in innate immune response?
natural killer cells
What are other blood components produced by bone marrow
erythrocytes & platelets
the most numerous WBCs in blood
neutrophils
where is the large storage pool?
bone marrow
what mobilizes the large storage pool?
antigen
the predominant WBC type mobilized in early infection
Neutrophils (newborns)
During acute bacterial infection, larger numbers of immature neutrophils (bands) are released into the blood
“shift to the left” (little)
Chronic infections may produce a shift to the ___ with more segmented neutrophils than normal
right
WBC that eat up antigen they find, very powerful and eat all pathogens.
monocytes
monocytes located in tissue are called
macrophages
Where are monocytes and macrophages located?
skin, lungs, GI, liver, spleen, and lymph
macrophages are powerful
phagocytes
macrophages are pre-dominate in
late inflammation
the major effectors of cell-mediated immunity, interact with specific antigens on cell surfaces
T lymphocytes
what builds immunity against foreign, infected, or mutant cells
T lymphocytes
T lymphocytes secrete ___ to boost immune response of B cells and other cell types
cytokines
T cells are composed of
CD4 (helper) and CD8 (cytotoxic)
The major effectors of antibody-mediated immunity
B lymphocytes
Manifestations of inflammation
redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
mediators of acute inflammation:
histamine-causes vasodilation
prostaglandins
bradykinin
leukotrienes
vasodilation of
prostaglandins
bradykinin
leukotrienes
increase vascular permeability, vasodilate, & attract immune cells to the area (chemotaxis)
to transport immune cells, antibodies, & nutrients to the tissue dilute the offending substances
Inflammatory exudate functions
watery & low in protein
serous exudate
Purulent exudate contains:
infective organisms, leukocytes, & cellular debris
Hemorrhagic exudate contains
RBC
Fibrinous exudate
thick, sticky, & high in protein
infection, not normal
Systemic manifestations of inflammation:
fever neutrophilia lethargy muscle catabolism increased acute phase proteins (CRP) increased ESR-a simple lab test which measures the level of inflammation
who defends the body against infections?
B cells and T cells
On initial exposure to an antigen, lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion; consequently, many lymphocytes are distributed throughout the body to recognize & react to that particular antigen
memory cells
the most prevalent antibody class (75%)
IgG
the first kind to be produced on antigen exposure
IgM
found primarily in body secretions
IgA
present on the B-cell membrane & functions in signal transduction
IgD
binds to basophil & mast cell membranes & mediates inflammation & allergy
IgE
type 1 hypersensitivity reaction are mediated by
IgE
Administration of preformed antibodies confers
passive immunity
immediate by temporary protection
passive immunity
when individuals are exposed to antigen that stimulates their own lymphocytes to produce memory cells
active immunity
confers long-term protection but may take several weeks to develop
active immunity
mediated by growth factors released from platelets and immune cells that stimulate fibroblasts to produce an extracellular matrix
healing
blood is rushed there to dilate area, blood rises to the top
redness
histamine response
swelling
working really hard to rid pathogen
heat
fluid rushing there, causes pressure
pain
