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Essentials of Pathophysiology > Module 2 - ch. 9 inflammation & immunity > Flashcards

Module 2 - ch. 9 inflammation & immunity Flashcards

1
Q

The primary lymphoid organs are

A

thymus & bone marrow

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2
Q

T cells develop in the

A

thymus

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3
Q

B cells develop in the

A

bone marrow

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4
Q

where do lymphocytes migrate to?

A

secondary lymphoid structures, spleen and lymph nodes

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5
Q

where are blood cells produced? in response to specific hematopoietic growth factors

A

bone marrow

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6
Q

what phagocytic cells provide innate protection?

A

Granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils) & monocytes (macrophages)

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7
Q

what specific cells react to particular antigens?

A

Lymphocytes (B cells, T cells)

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8
Q

what lymphocytes lack T cell and B cell markers and function in innate immune response?

A

natural killer cells

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9
Q

What are other blood components produced by bone marrow

A

erythrocytes & platelets

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10
Q

the most numerous WBCs in blood

A

neutrophils

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11
Q

where is the large storage pool?

A

bone marrow

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12
Q

what mobilizes the large storage pool?

A

antigen

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13
Q

the predominant WBC type mobilized in early infection

A

Neutrophils (newborns)

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14
Q

During acute bacterial infection, larger numbers of immature neutrophils (bands) are released into the blood

A

“shift to the left” (little)

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15
Q

Chronic infections may produce a shift to the ___ with more segmented neutrophils than normal

A

right

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16
Q

WBC that eat up antigen they find, very powerful and eat all pathogens.

A

monocytes

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17
Q

monocytes located in tissue are called

A

macrophages

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18
Q

Where are monocytes and macrophages located?

A

skin, lungs, GI, liver, spleen, and lymph

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19
Q

macrophages are powerful

A

phagocytes

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20
Q

macrophages are pre-dominate in

A

late inflammation

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21
Q

the major effectors of cell-mediated immunity, interact with specific antigens on cell surfaces

A

T lymphocytes

22
Q

what builds immunity against foreign, infected, or mutant cells

A

T lymphocytes

23
Q

T lymphocytes secrete ___ to boost immune response of B cells and other cell types

A

cytokines

24
Q

T cells are composed of

A

CD4 (helper) and CD8 (cytotoxic)

25
Q

The major effectors of antibody-mediated immunity

A

B lymphocytes

26
Q

Manifestations of inflammation

A

redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function

27
Q

mediators of acute inflammation:

A

histamine-causes vasodilation
prostaglandins
bradykinin
leukotrienes

28
Q

vasodilation of
prostaglandins
bradykinin
leukotrienes

A

increase vascular permeability, vasodilate, & attract immune cells to the area (chemotaxis)

29
Q

to transport immune cells, antibodies, & nutrients to the tissue dilute the offending substances

A

Inflammatory exudate functions

30
Q

watery & low in protein

A

serous exudate

31
Q

Purulent exudate contains:

A

infective organisms, leukocytes, & cellular debris

32
Q

Hemorrhagic exudate contains

A

RBC

33
Q

Fibrinous exudate

A

thick, sticky, & high in protein

infection, not normal

34
Q

Systemic manifestations of inflammation:

A 
fever
	neutrophilia
	lethargy
	muscle catabolism
	increased acute phase proteins (CRP)
	increased ESR-a simple lab test which measures the level of inflammation
35
Q

who defends the body against infections?

A

B cells and T cells

36
Q

On initial exposure to an antigen, lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion; consequently, many lymphocytes are distributed throughout the body to recognize & react to that particular antigen

A

memory cells

37
Q

the most prevalent antibody class (75%)

A

IgG

38
Q

the first kind to be produced on antigen exposure

A

IgM

39
Q

found primarily in body secretions

A

IgA

40
Q

present on the B-cell membrane & functions in signal transduction

A

IgD

41
Q

binds to basophil & mast cell membranes & mediates inflammation & allergy

A

IgE

42
Q

type 1 hypersensitivity reaction are mediated by

A

IgE

43
Q

Administration of preformed antibodies confers

A

passive immunity

44
Q

immediate by temporary protection

A

passive immunity

45
Q

when individuals are exposed to antigen that stimulates their own lymphocytes to produce memory cells

A

active immunity

46
Q

confers long-term protection but may take several weeks to develop

A

active immunity

47
Q

mediated by growth factors released from platelets and immune cells that stimulate fibroblasts to produce an extracellular matrix

A

healing

48
Q

blood is rushed there to dilate area, blood rises to the top

A

redness

49
Q

histamine response

A

swelling

50
Q

working really hard to rid pathogen

A

heat

51
Q

fluid rushing there, causes pressure

A

pain

Essentials of Pathophysiology (3 decks)

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