Module 2 - ch. 9 inflammation & immunity

Question 1

The primary lymphoid organs are

Answer 1

thymus & bone marrow

Question 2

T cells develop in the

Answer 2

thymus

Question 3

B cells develop in the

Answer 3

bone marrow

Question 4

where do lymphocytes migrate to?

Answer 4

secondary lymphoid structures, spleen and lymph nodes

Question 5

where are blood cells produced? in response to specific hematopoietic growth factors

Answer 5

bone marrow

Question 6

what phagocytic cells provide innate protection?

Answer 6

Granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils) & monocytes (macrophages)

Question 7

what specific cells react to particular antigens?

Answer 7

Lymphocytes (B cells, T cells)

Question 8

what lymphocytes lack T cell and B cell markers and function in innate immune response?

Answer 8

natural killer cells

Question 9

What are other blood components produced by bone marrow

Answer 9

erythrocytes & platelets

Question 10

the most numerous WBCs in blood

Answer 10

neutrophils

Question 11

where is the large storage pool?

Answer 11

bone marrow

Question 12

what mobilizes the large storage pool?

Answer 12

antigen

Question 13

the predominant WBC type mobilized in early infection

Answer 13

Neutrophils (newborns)

Question 14

During acute bacterial infection, larger numbers of immature neutrophils (bands) are released into the blood

Answer 14

“shift to the left” (little)

Question 15

Chronic infections may produce a shift to the ___ with more segmented neutrophils than normal

Answer 15

right

Question 16

WBC that eat up antigen they find, very powerful and eat all pathogens.

Answer 16

monocytes

Question 17

monocytes located in tissue are called

Answer 17

macrophages

Question 18

Where are monocytes and macrophages located?

Answer 18

skin, lungs, GI, liver, spleen, and lymph

Question 19

macrophages are powerful

Answer 19

phagocytes

Question 20

macrophages are pre-dominate in

Answer 20

late inflammation

Question 21

the major effectors of cell-mediated immunity, interact with specific antigens on cell surfaces

Answer 21

T lymphocytes

Question 22

what builds immunity against foreign, infected, or mutant cells

Answer 22

T lymphocytes

Question 23

T lymphocytes secrete ___ to boost immune response of B cells and other cell types

Answer 23

cytokines

Question 24

T cells are composed of

Answer 24

CD4 (helper) and CD8 (cytotoxic)

Question 25

The major effectors of antibody-mediated immunity

Answer 25

B lymphocytes

Question 26

Manifestations of inflammation

Answer 26

redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function

Question 27

mediators of acute inflammation:

Answer 27

histamine-causes vasodilation prostaglandins bradykinin leukotrienes

Question 28

vasodilation of prostaglandins bradykinin leukotrienes

Answer 28

increase vascular permeability, vasodilate, & attract immune cells to the area (chemotaxis)

Question 29

to transport immune cells, antibodies, & nutrients to the tissue dilute the offending substances

Answer 29

Inflammatory exudate functions

Question 30

watery & low in protein

Answer 30

serous exudate

Question 31

Purulent exudate contains:

Answer 31

infective organisms, leukocytes, & cellular debris

Question 32

Hemorrhagic exudate contains

Answer 32

RBC

Question 33

Fibrinous exudate

Answer 33

thick, sticky, & high in protein | infection, not normal

Question 34

Systemic manifestations of inflammation:

Answer 34

``` fever neutrophilia lethargy muscle catabolism increased acute phase proteins (CRP) increased ESR-a simple lab test which measures the level of inflammation ```

Question 35

who defends the body against infections?

Answer 35

B cells and T cells

Question 36

On initial exposure to an antigen, lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion; consequently, many lymphocytes are distributed throughout the body to recognize & react to that particular antigen

Answer 36

memory cells

Question 37

the most prevalent antibody class (75%)

Answer 37

IgG

Question 38

the first kind to be produced on antigen exposure

Answer 38

IgM

Question 39

found primarily in body secretions

Answer 39

IgA

Question 40

present on the B-cell membrane & functions in signal transduction

Answer 40

IgD

Question 41

binds to basophil & mast cell membranes & mediates inflammation & allergy

Answer 41

IgE

Question 42

type 1 hypersensitivity reaction are mediated by

Answer 42

IgE

Question 43

Administration of preformed antibodies confers

Answer 43

passive immunity

Question 44

immediate by temporary protection

Answer 44

passive immunity

Question 45

when individuals are exposed to antigen that stimulates their own lymphocytes to produce memory cells

Answer 45

active immunity

Question 46

confers long-term protection but may take several weeks to develop

Answer 46

active immunity

Question 47

mediated by growth factors released from platelets and immune cells that stimulate fibroblasts to produce an extracellular matrix

Answer 47

healing

Question 48

blood is rushed there to dilate area, blood rises to the top

Answer 48

redness

Question 49

histamine response

Answer 49

swelling

Question 50

working really hard to rid pathogen

Answer 50

heat

Question 51

fluid rushing there, causes pressure

Answer 51

pain