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Essentials of Pathophysiology > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

Glucose

A

Sugar in the blood

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2
Q

Glucose value

A

70-99 mg/dl

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3
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

excess insulin,
liver disease,
adrenal insufficiency

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4
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

excess glucose,
diabetes/pre,
hyperthyroidism
pancreatitis

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5
Q

Sodium

A

An electrolyte and mineral

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6
Q

Sodium lab value

A

136-144 mEq/L

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7
Q

Hyponatremia

A

low sodium,
use of diuretics,
diarrhea,
adrenal insufficiency

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8
Q

Hypernatremia

A

excess sodium,
Kidney dysfunction, dehydration,
Cushing’s Syndrome

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9
Q

Potassium

A

An electrolyte and mineral

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10
Q

Potassium lab value

A

3.7-5.2 mEq/L

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11
Q

Hypokalemia

A

low potassium use of diuretics or corticosteroids (such as prednisone or cortisone)

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12
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

high potassium
Acute or chronic renal failure, Addison’s Disease,
Diabetes,
Dehydration

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13
Q

Chloride

A

An electrolyte

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14
Q

Chloride lab value

A

96-106 mmol/L

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15
Q

Hypo-Chloride

A

Emphysema, chronic lung diseases

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16
Q

Hyper-Chloride

A

Dehydration,
Cushings syndrome,
kidney disease

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17
Q

CO2

A

gaseous waste product from metabolism

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18
Q

Hypo-CO2

A

Kidney disease,
certain toxic exposures,
severe infection

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19
Q

Hyper-CO2

A

Kidney disease,

certain toxic exposures, severe infection

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20
Q

BUN - Blood urea nitrogen

A

waste product formed in liver carried to kidneys,

filtered out of blood excreted thru urine

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21
Q

BUN - Blood urea nitrogen Lab value

A

7-20 mg/dl

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22
Q

Hypo-Blood urea nitrogen

A

malnutrition

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23
Q

Hyper-Blood urea nitrogen

A

liver or kidney disease,

heart failure

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24
Q

Creatinine

A

chemical waste produced by muscle metabolism

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25
Q

Creatinine lab value

A

.8-1.4 mg/dl

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26
Q

Hypo-creatinine

A

low muscle mass,

malnutrition

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27
Q

Hyper-creatinine

A

chronic or temporary decrease in kidney function

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28
Q

BUN-creatinine ratio

A

10:1-20:1

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29
Q

Hypo-BUN-creatinine ratio

A

malnutrition

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30
Q

Hyper-BUN-creatinine raio

A

Blood in bowels,

Kidney obstruction, dehydration

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31
Q

Calcium

A

mineral stored in hard part of bones

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32
Q

Calcium lab value

A

8.5-10.9 mg/dl

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33
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

calcium, or Vit D deficiency; malnutrition pancreatitis; neurological disorders

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34
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism,
cancer,
excess Vit D intake

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35
Q

Protein

A

chains of AA essential for the growth and repair of cells

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36
Q

Protein lab value

A

6.3-7.9 g/dl

37
Q

Hypo-protein

A

Malnutrition,

liver or kidney disease

38
Q

Hyper-protein

A

Dehydration,

Liver or kidney disease, multiple myeloma

39
Q

Albumin

A

Protein that keeps fluid from leaking out of blood vessels and that nourishes tissues and transports nutrients through the body

40
Q

Albumin lab value

A

3.9-5.0 g/dl

41
Q

Hypo-albumin

A

Liver or kidney disease, malnutrition

42
Q

Hyper-albumin

A

dehydration

43
Q

Bilirubin

A

pigment in bile,

digestive fluid produced by the liver

44
Q

Bilirubin lab value

A

.2-1.9 mg/dl

45
Q

Hypo-Bilirubin

A

not a concern

46
Q

Hyper-Bilirubin

A

Liver disease,
bile duct disorder,
or red cell destruction

47
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

A

Enzyme found in liver and bones

48
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) lab values

A

44-147 IU/L

49
Q

Hypo-Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

A

malnutrition

50
Q

Hyper-Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

A

Paget’s disease or certain cancers that spread to bone, bile duct obstruction,
liver cancer

51
Q

Alanine amino- transferase (ALT)

A

Enzyme found mostly in the liver

52
Q

Alanine amino- transferase (ALT) lab value

A

8-37 IU/L

53
Q

Hypo-Alanine amino- transferase (ALT)

A

not a concern

54
Q

Hyper-Alanine amino- transferase (ALT)

A

Certain toxins such as excess acetaminophen or alcohol, hepatitis

55
Q

Aspartate amino- transferase (AST)

A

Enzyme found mostly in the liver, muscle and other tissues

56
Q

Aspartate amino- transferase (AST) lab value

A

10-34 IU/L

57
Q

Hypo-Aspartate amino- transferase (AST)

A

not a concern

58
Q

Hyper-Aspartate amino- transferase (AST)

A

Excess acetaminophen or alcohol, hepatitis, Muscle injury

59
Q

WBC

A

defend the body against infection

60
Q

WBC lab value

A

4,500- 10,000 cells/mcl

61
Q

Hypo-WBC

A

Neutropenia/Leukopenia- Autoimmune illness, bone marrow failure, chemotherapy, viral infections

62
Q

Hyper-WBC

A

Leukocytosis-Infection, cancer leukemia, intense exercise, stress corticosteroids

63
Q

RBC

A

Red blood cells pick up oxygen from the blood and deliver it to tissues throughout the body

64
Q

RBC Male lab value

A

4.7- 6.1 Mill/mcl

65
Q

RBC Female lab value

A

4.2-5.4 Mill/mcl

66
Q

Hypo-RBC

A

Iron, Vitamin B12, or folate deficiency, bone marrow damage

67
Q

Hyper-RBC

A

Dehydration, renal problems, pulmonary or congenital heart disease

68
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells

69
Q

Hemoglobin male lab value

A

13.8- 17.2 g/dl

70
Q

Hemoglobin female lab value

A

12.1-15.1 g/dl

71
Q

Hypo-Hemoglobin

A

Iron, Vitamin B12, or folate deficiency, bone marrow damage

72
Q

Hyper-Hemoglobin

A

Dehydration, renal problems, pulmonary or congenital heart disease

73
Q

Hematocrit

A

The percentage of red blood cells in the blood

74
Q

Hematocrit male lab value

A

40.7%- 50.3%

75
Q

Hematocrit female lab value

A

36.1%- 44.3%

76
Q

Hypo-hematocrit

A

Iron, Vitamin B12, or folate deficiency, bone marrow damage

77
Q

Hyper-hematocrit

A

Dehydration, renal problems, pulmonary or congenital heart disease

78
Q

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

A

Average size of RBC’s

79
Q

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) lab value

A

80-95 fl

80
Q

Hypo-Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

A

Iron Deficiency

81
Q

Hyper-Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

A

Vitamin B12, or folate deficiency

82
Q

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

A

The amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells

83
Q

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) lab value

A

27-31 pg

84
Q

Hypo-Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

A

Iron Deficiency

85
Q

Hyper-Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

A

Vitamin B12, or folate deficiency

86
Q

Platelet Count

A

Measures Number of Platelets- colorless blood cells integral to clotting

87
Q

Platelet Count lab value

A

150-400 thous/mcl

88
Q

Hypo-Platelet Count

A

Viral infections, lupus, pernicious anemia (d/t Vit B12 deficiency), Leukemia, chemotherapy

89
Q

Hyper-Platelet Count

A

Leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders(bonemarrow abnormalities), inflammatory conditions

Essentials of Pathophysiology (3 decks)

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