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Dressler 3rd Semester > Module 2 Care of Child with Respiratory, Cardiac, and Hematology Disorders > Flashcards

Module 2 Care of Child with Respiratory, Cardiac, and Hematology Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between an adult epiglottis and a child epiglottis

A

Child Epiglottis is smaller and may not close properly

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2
Q

Define: Bronchiolitis

A

inflammation of the bronchioles

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3
Q

What are 7 signs of Respiratory distress in a child

A 
Flared Nostrils 
Cyanosis 
Grunting 
Wheezing 
Stridor 
Pallor
Change in Respiratory and Cardiac Rate
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4
Q

Flared nostrils are

A

Quivering nostrils

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5
Q

Grunting in a child sounds like

A

An Oinking sound

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6
Q

Respiratory distress in a child can lead to (3)

A

Restlessness and Air hunger

Dyspnea

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7
Q

Circumoral pallor is

A

Pallor around mouth

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8
Q

Cyanosis is a sign of

A

Severe Respiratory Distress

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9
Q

What is the best position to put a child in for Respiratory Distress

A

High fowlers

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10
Q

What are 4 things we can do for a child with Respiratory Distress (other than high fowlers)

A

Increase Humidity
Chest Physiotherapy (PT)
Increase Hydration
Control Temperature

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11
Q

What should the O2 Sat be on a child and how do we check it

A

Above 92, on toes

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12
Q

What disorder causes O2 Sat to be low

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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13
Q

What is the best way to diagnose a Resp disorder in a child under 5

A

Pulse Ox, and ABG

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14
Q

What are 2 nursing interventions for a child going into resp. tent

A

Dress kids with least clothes as possible

No Electronic or battery operated toys

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15
Q

What is the preferred Resp tx. to admin Oxygen

A

Mask

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16
Q

When do we use a Cannula to admin Oxygen

A

Older kids

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17
Q

What can we use if a child has Bronchodilators

A

Nebulizer

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18
Q

When performing postural drainage on a child, what position should we place them in

A

Side lying (across lap)

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19
Q

How often should we perform Postural Drainage / Chest PT

A

3-4X day, 10-15 min

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20
Q

A mechanical vest is used to help with

A

Cupping and Clapping

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21
Q

When is the best time to perform postural drainage

A

In the Morn B4 Breakfast, during tx.

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22
Q

What do we use on kids to perform Nasal Suctioning

A

Bulb Syringe

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23
Q

How long can we perform suctioning on an infant

A

No longer than 5-10 seconds

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24
Q

What are some immediate signs of Strep throat

A

Redness w/ white patches

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25
Q

If there is swelling in the middle of the throat what must we not do

A

Culture for Strep throat

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26
Q

Define Mononucleosis

A

Strep infection spread through Saliva

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27
Q

What can Mononucleosis lead to

A

Extreme lethargy

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28
Q

Strep throat can be tx with

A

Throat culture and Abx

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29
Q

If a child has more than 3 strep throats in a year what should we advise

A

Tonsillectomy

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30
Q

Kid snoring happens because of

A

Enlarged Tonsils

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31
Q

If child has any kind of blood disorder what must we not do

A

Tonsillectomy

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32
Q

What are 6 Nursing interventions of Post op care for Tonsillectomy

A 
Position Side lying 
Observe for swallowing (bleeding) 
Ice collar for bleeding 
Clear diet 
No nose blowing 
No hot fluids / soft foods
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33
Q

What Temp should we call M.D. for

A

101 +

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34
Q

How do we treat Obstructed airway for a child under 1 year old

A

Abdominal Thrust

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35
Q

How do we treat Obstructed airway for a child over 1 year old

A

Back blows

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36
Q

What are 3 common symptoms of Epiglottitis

A

Acutely ill
Drooling , agitation
Cherry red epiglottis

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37
Q

What are 2 important nursing interventions for a child with Epiglottitis

A

Trache at bedside

Don’t use tongue blade

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38
Q

What are 3 symptoms of Laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Stridor
Resp. Distress
“Seal like Bark”

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39
Q

What are 3 nursing interventions for Laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Cold air
Hot showers
Monitor O2 Sat

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40
Q

What are 3 symptoms of Bronchiolitis

A

Wheezing
Cyanosis
Dehydration

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41
Q

What are 3 Tx for Bronchiolitis

A

Abx
IV fluids INCREASE FLUIDS
O2 admin

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42
Q

RSV stand for

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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43
Q

RSV is known for

A

Being most frequent hospitalization of children under 1

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44
Q

What is tx for RSV (2)

A

Increase Humidity

Steroids (for inflammation)

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45
Q

What are 3 nursing interventions for RSV

A

Increase fluids
Nasal Suction PRN
Take O2

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46
Q

What are 4 S/S of Child Pneumonia

A

Fever
Anorexia
Shallow Respirations
SOB

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47
Q

What are 3 tx. for Child Pneumonia

A

Rest
Abx
IV fluids

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48
Q

Asthma is considered a

A

Dry Resp Disorder

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49
Q

What are 3 symptoms of Asthma

A

Wheezing
Dyspnea
Resp Distress

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50
Q

What are 4 tx. for Asthma

A

Bronchodilators
MDI
Nebulizers
Corticosteroids

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51
Q

What should we always have on hand for a child with Asthma

A

Adrenalin

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52
Q

What are the 3 main food allergies for Children

A

Peanuts
Dairy
Chocolate

53
Q

Cystic Fibrosis leads to

A

Failure to thrive

54
Q

What are 3 symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

A

Failure to Thrive
Salty taste to skin
Meconium ileus

55
Q

Meconium ileus is

A

no stool passed within 24 hours

56
Q

How do we dx. Cystic Fibrosis (2)

A

Stool Analysis

Sweat test

57
Q

How might the stool be in a child with Cystic Fibrosis

A

Steatorrhea Large bulky Fatty Foul Smelling Stool

58
Q

What are 6 Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

A 
COPD
Barrel Chest 
Clubbed Fingers 
Cor Pulmonale 
Rectal Prolapse 
Fat Soluble Vitamin Deficiency
59
Q

What is Cor Pulmonale

A

Heart defect from low O2

60
Q

A child with Cystic Fibrosis is always …. and has ….

A

Hungry, loose skin

61
Q

How do we tx. Cystic Fibrosis (4)

A

Pancrease
Humidity
Bronchodilators
Increased protein, fat, calories, vitamins (3,000 per day)

62
Q

Epistaxis is

A

Bleeding from nose

63
Q

Epistaxis is usually first sign of

A

Leukemia

64
Q

If Epistaxis lasts for more than 15 min what should we do

A

Call doctor

65
Q

How do we tx Epistaxis (2)

A

Apply ice

Pinch bridge of nose while leaning forward

66
Q

How can we “cauterize” the nose

A

Apply Silver Nitrate

67
Q

SIDS stands for

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

68
Q

SIDS is more common in

A

Males

69
Q

Dehydration can lead to

A

Bad diet, child not eating

70
Q

What are the 3 Blood disorders that we don’t do Tonsillectomy for

A

Hemophilia
ITP
Leukemia

71
Q

Is Rheumatic Fever contagious

A

yes, but not communicable

72
Q

Migratory Polyarthritis

A

Many stiffness in joints, moves around body

73
Q

Skin eruptions are

A

Preparer Rash, large flat reddened areas

74
Q

Sydenham’s Chorea

A

irritation of nerve cells, twitching and jumping

75
Q

Tx. for Rheumatic Fever (4)

A

Rest
Tylenol/ Motrin
Erythromycin
Prednisone

76
Q

What are the 3 Acyanotic Defects

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Atrial Septal Defect
Ventricular septal defect

77
Q

What is Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A

Artery does not open

78
Q

In patients with Atrial Septal Defect we can

A

Hear a loud Murmur

79
Q

How do we tx. Atrial Septal Defect

A

Cardiac Catheterization

80
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect is known for being

A

Most common

81
Q

What are 3 Cyanotic Defects

A

Tetralogy of fallot
Coarctation of the Aorta
Transposition of great vessels

82
Q

Tetralogy of fallot is

A

Babies crying leads to cyanosis

83
Q

Coarctation of the aorta is

A

Narrow Aorta

84
Q

Transposition of great vessels is

A

Pulmonary Artery and Aorta are switched

85
Q

What are 3 S/S of Congestive Heart Failure

A

Fatigue during feedings
Weight gain
Sweating

86
Q

What are 4 tx for CHF

A

Rest
Lasix
Digoxin
Potassium

87
Q

Endocarditis is a side effect of

A

Strep throat

88
Q

When is the highest incidence of Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

9 mo - 2 years

89
Q

What is a common sign of Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Pallor

90
Q

What is Sickle Cell Anemia

A

Decrease in HgB due to crescent shape of RBC’s

91
Q

To have Sickle Cell Anemia Disease

A

You must have gene from both parents

92
Q

Blood in Sickle Cell patients does not clot it

A

Clumps

93
Q

What are 5 S/S of Sickle Cell

A 
Fatigue 
Tissue Hypoxia 
Jaundice 
Pallor 
Swollen Joints
94
Q

Priapism is

A

when clumping occurs in circulatory system leading to long erection

95
Q

Clumping of cells in Sickle Cell is called

A

Vaso-Occlusive Crisis

96
Q

What factors precipitate a crisis (6)

A 
Fever
Dehydration 
High Altitude 
Emotional Distress 
Alcohol 
Pregnancy
97
Q

Tx for Child with Sickle Cell Disease (4)

A

Rest
Hydration
analgesics
Blood tranfusions

98
Q

Hemophilia can be diagnosed by checking

A

Bleeding and clotting times

99
Q

S/S of Hemophilia (3)

A

Easily bruised
Hematuria
Hemarthrosis

100
Q

What is the tx for Hemophilia

A

Synthetic Factor VIII

101
Q

ITP stands for

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

102
Q

How do we dx ITP (2)

A

Platelet count less than 20,000

Bone marrow aspiration

103
Q

What are 3 symptoms of ITP

A

Petechiae
Purpura
Bleeding gums

104
Q

What are 2 tx for ITP

A

IV gamma globulins

Splenectomy

105
Q

IV gamma globulins help

A

build immune system

106
Q

Leukemia is the

A

uncontrolled growth of immature WBCs

107
Q

How do we dx Leukemia (2)

A

Bone Marrow Aspiration

CBC with diff

108
Q

What are 5 symptoms of Leukemia

A 
Petechiae 
Pallor 
Anemia 
Enlarged Lymph nodes 
Anorexia
109
Q

Tx for Leukemia (2)

A

Chemotherapy

Platelet transfusions

110
Q

A patient with Leukemia should be on

A

Reverse isolation

111
Q

How do we diagnose Hodgkins disease

A

Bone Marrow Aspiration

112
Q

How to we treat Hodgkin’s disease (2)

A

Chemotherapy

Radiation therapy

113
Q

An early sign of Hodgkin’s disease is

A

Painless enlarged lymph node

114
Q

The primary symptom in croup is

A

Cough

115
Q

A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old patient immediately following a tonsillectomy. The best position for this patient is

A

partly on the side and partly on the abdomen

116
Q

Cystic fibrosis is an _______ system disease

A

Endocrine

117
Q

Deoxygenated blood enters the systemic arterial circulation in which disorder

A

Coarctation of the aorta

118
Q

The nurse is caring for a child receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) for the diagnosis of heart failure. Which manifestation is a cardinal sign of digoxin toxicity

A

Extreme bradycardia

119
Q

Which observation indicates that an infant with CHF is carefully following the prescribed medical regimen

A

The child exhibits normal weight for age

120
Q

The most common form of childhood cancer is

A

leukemia

121
Q

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child with leukemia who was admitted to the hospital with the primary diagnosis of pneumonia. The nurse knows the most likely cause of this child’s pneumonia is

A

neutropenia

122
Q

The classic symptom of idiopathic (immunological) thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) is

A

bruising

123
Q

What nerve connects brain for respiratory movement

A

Vagus Nerve

124
Q

What is the accepted O2 Sat for a child with cystic fibrosis

A

88%

125
Q

During respiratory tx. what kind of restraints will we put on child

A

Elbow restraints

126
Q

What is one major thing we must encourage with a child on oxygen

A

Lots of fluid

127
Q

If child has neg strep on quick test what should we do

A

72 hour culture

128
Q

What is performed in an emergency situation with a child with obstructed airway

A

Tracheostomy

Dressler 3rd Semester (7 decks)

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