Module 1 Growth and Development Care of the Hospitalized Child Flashcards
Growth and Development are interdependent and occur
Simultaneously
Total process in which skills and potential emerge regardless of practice or training
Maturation
growth and development beginning at the head and progressing downward toward the feet
Cephalocaudal
growth and development progressing from the center of the body toward the extremities
Proximodistal
Moro Reflex is the
Startle reflex
Rooting reflex is the
Touch cheek, baby turns head in that direction
Sucking reflex is the
touch lips, baby starts sucking movements
Babinski reflex is the
Stroke foot upward, toes hyperextend
Palmar grasp reflex is the
Newborn curls fingers around item in hand
Tonic neck reflex is the
Fencing positions
Stepping/Plantar reflex is the
standing them up and putting them down and they start to march
Swimming reflex is the
when you put them on their stomach and they start to make swimming rotations
Anterior Fontanel closes within
12-18 months
Posterior Fontanel closes within
3-4 months
If fontanel is sunken that is a S&S of
Dehydration
If fontanel is bulging that is a S&S of
Cerebral Edema
Hydrocephalus is
fluid in brain
At birth B/P of the newborn is
Low
At birth Pulse and Resp of the newborn is
High
At approximately what age will the child’s vital signs be in adult range
At 10 years old
Normal Pulse
110-150
Normal Resp
30-60
Normal B/P
60/40
Which vital sign should we check first, and why
Resp, keep baby sleeping
According to Erikson In Infancy stage we look for
Trust vs mistrust
Needs should be met in timely manner
According to Erikson In Early childhood stage we look for
Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Needs loving support to develop independence
According to Erikson in Late childhood stage we look for
Initiative vs guilt
Need to child freedom within boundaries
According to Erikson in School age we look for
Industry vs Inferiority
Needs positive responses to concentrate on learning
According to Erikson in Adolescence we look for
Identity vs Role Confusion
Need love and support to find place in society
Average weight for newborn
7.5 lbs
Average weekly weight gain for first 6 months
5-7 oz.
Average height
20 inches
Average height growth during first year
10 inches
Average head circumference
13-14 inches
Breast-fed infants should
eat more often
If newborn has any brothers or sisters it is important we encourage
sibling involvement
For safety purposes how should we place newborn to sleep
Position supine or side-lying
What is the minimum wet diapers per day
6-8
What vaccination should the newborn receive at birth
Hep B
Newborn infants usually sleep around
20 hours / day
During Months 1-3 the baby should grow
1” / month 5-7 oz / week
Newborns do not develop tears until
2 months
By the 6th month babies birth weight should
Double birth weight by 6th month
At how old should we be concerned if a baby isn’t sitting
8 months
How should we introduce foods
1 new food every 4-5 days so we can check for allergies, abnormalities such as rash
At how old does it become a concern if a baby isn’t walking
18 months
What should weight be by the 12th month
Triple
Iron pills in babies cause
black tarry stools
What are the stages in order for infant hospitalization that the baby will go through
Protest –> Despair –> Denial
When does teething begin
3-6 months
When can negativism begin
12 months
When do first primary teeth begin to show
6-11 months
How is dose for a child determined
Childs weight
How do you administer ear drops to a child under 3 years of age
Down and back
How do you administer ear drops to a child over 3 years of age
Up and back
What is the preferred IM Injection site for children
Vastus lateralis
The Gluteal muscle should not be used until
Child is adequately ambulating
When does the most change, development take place
Toddlerhood
Pulse and Resp of toddler should be
90-120 Pulse and 20-30 Resp
What is one stand out thing that toddlers aren’t capable of
sharing
In the Preschool years the child begins to mimic the
same sex parent
Pulse and Resp of the Pre-schooler
90-110 Pulse and 20-30 Resp
What is the avg number of calories a Pre-schooler should have per day
1800
Imagination runs most wild in the
Pre-schooler
Girls vs boys begins in
School age
Vital signs for adolescents
80-100 Pulse 16-24 Resp
Toilet training should begin in what stage
Toddler
Sibling rivalry, Cooperative play begins at
Preschool
Children develop sexual curiosity at what age
4 years
How are room assignments grouped (3)
Age, Dx, Acuity
Define acuity
Level of illness
Children under 5 that are hospitalized should …. (2)
Have attendant with them at all times
Don’t use call bell
16 or 17 year old that by law can take care of themselves
Emancipated minor
What is the best pet for a child with asthma
Fish
During school age males and females do not
Want to be associated with each other
Pulse and Resp of Adolescence
Pulse 80-100, Resp 16-24
What is it called to shine light in eyes to measure brain activity
Perla
What kind of nasal drainage indicates bad
Green or thin
What are the 3 most common signs of raised temp
UTI, Respiratory infections, Ear infections
Before giving immunizations what allergy should we check for
Eggs
What is the preferred IM site
Vastus lateralis
What can giving aspiring lead to
Ray syndrome
What age should an infant be able to lift its head
Newborn
At what age should an infant be able to turn over
3-4 months
At what age should an infant be able to sit unsupported
7 months
What should happen to an infant’s weight by 6 months
doubled
What should happen to an infant’s weight by one year
tripled
Newborns should be fed every
2.5-4 hours
Posterior fontanel closes at
3-4 months
Anterior fontanel closes at
15-18 months
Primary teeth appear at
6 months
At about 15 months how many teeth does a toddler have
8-12 teeth
At what age should a child be able to kick a ball
15-18 months
What age do children begin to develop sexual curiosity
4 years
At what age should a child be able to brush its own teeth
3 years
The height and weight of the average 4 year old is
Height 39-41 inches
Weight 35-40 lbs
At what age should a child have totally understandable speech
4 years
Obesity in 10-12 year olds starts to develop because of ________ and __________
inactivity and ravenous appetite
1 month - 14 months is considered
Newborn
When does teething begin
3-6 months
When does a child begin to fear strangers
7-9 months
15 months to 24 months is considered a
Toddler
Magical thinking begins at
4 years
3 years - 5 years is considered
Pre-school
6 years - 9 years is considered
School age
The most important nursing intervention to promote a positive hospital experience for a 1-month-old infant is
provision of consistent caregivers
The best foods for the nurse to recommend for a 2-year-old child diagnosed with mild constipation are
shredded wheat and cooked prunes
A group of children are observed playing house. Each child is assigned a specific role as mommy, daddy, or child. This type of play begins between
3 and 5 years old
Under 2 years what is the formula to remember how many teeth a child should have
Age in months - 6
After 3-4 days of life the newborns weight _________ by _______
decreases by 5-10%
We should encourage toothbrushing by age
1 year
Competitive games should be introduced at age
7-9 years
The startle reflex is also known as the
Moro reflex
What are the parameters for a rear facing car seat
Under 1 year or 22lbs
What is the normal resp rate of a 2 year old
25-30
Timeouts are calculated by
1 minute per year
A 4 year old is in Erikson’s stage of
Initiative
The pulse of a school age child is
85-100
A major task by an adolescent as described by Erikson is
Finding an Identity
Growth can be defined as
physical increase in size
According to Erikson, what task would a 9 year old be completing
Industry
Theories of personality help the nurse
Provide individual health care
A 12 year old should be able to (speech)
say a few words
When does a child have a complete set of Deciduous teeth
30 months
Toilet training includes the child’s ability to
control sphincter
The psychosocial task in a toddler is
Autonomy
The type of play seen in a two year old is
Parallel play
Toddlers resist sleep at night due to
Curiosity
Toddlers use what mechanism of action to deal with stress
Regression
The type of play seen at the preschool age is defined as
Associative play
According to Erikson when has a child developed initiative
When child tries new roles without feelings of guilt
Average intake of Preschooler is (calories)
1800
Sibling rivalry is best resolved by
Separating both children
During school age period sexual activity interest is
Dormant
The number of hours of sleep a 6 year old needs is
12
The first part of the body to show a growth spurt during puberty is
Feet
Which food should not be included in the diet of infants in order to prevent botulism
Honey
Parents of a 2-year-old child verbalize frustration over their child’s behavior, which they describe as inconsistent, and that he frequently says no to their requests. The nurse informs them that
this is called negativism and is normal behavior
Toddlers usually recognize sexual differences by age
24 months
An 8-year-old girl will most likely want to play with
Another 8 year old girl
The time of adolescence that appears to be the time of greatest turmoil for most families is
Middle adolescence
If an adolescent asks the nurse which food is best to eat prior to taking an important chemistry test, what is the most appropriate recommendation
Fish and Rice
