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Dressler 3rd Semester > LASTQUIZ > Flashcards

LASTQUIZ Flashcards

1
Q

A tearing of the subcutaneous tissue that results in hemorrhage, edema, or pain

A

Contusion

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2
Q

Blood in soft tissue

A

Hematoma

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3
Q

Torn ligament or ligaments stretched. Swelling pain and immobility occurs

A

Sprain

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4
Q

Small tear in muscle or tednon occuring overtime, pain and edema occur

A

Strain

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5
Q

Break in bone

A

Fracture

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6
Q

What type of fracture is Bone broken but not through skin

A

Simple

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7
Q

Fracture that is broken bone through skin, at great risk for infection

A

Compund

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8
Q

Fracture that is incomplete, one side is broken other side is bent

A

Greenstick

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9
Q

Fracture that is caused by forceful twisting motion

A

Spiral

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10
Q

With a spiral fracture what must we not rule out

A

child abuse

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11
Q

A non-displaced fracture is when

A

Bones are still in alignment

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12
Q

A displaced fracture is when

A

Bones have shifted and need to be re-aligned

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13
Q

No surgery, bones are gently put back into place and cast or traction is applied

A

Closed reduction

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14
Q

Surgical procedure usually requiring pins, rods, or other devices

A

Open reduction

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15
Q

Used when the immobilization required is more that what could be obtained by casting

A

Traction

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16
Q

What are the 4 purposes of traction

A

Ensure alignment, Secure corrected position, prevent or treat contracture deformities, and to relieve muscle spasm and back pain

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17
Q

How do we check pulses during nuerovascular assessment

A

Distal to injury or cast, if it is difficult use a doppler

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18
Q

If the child cannot feel touch on the extremety what can we expect it to be

A

compartment syndrome

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19
Q

What are the excersies called that are used to prevent muscle atrophy and to strenghten muscle

A

isometric excersices

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20
Q

Weights in traction care should

A

hang freely and not touch the floor

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21
Q

Ropes in pulley for traction care should

A

Move freely, and not be obstructed

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22
Q

What is the last thing that child will develop, and when should it advance

A

Fine motor coordination, before 7 yo

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23
Q

By 18 months the child should be able to

A

Walk steady

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24
Q

By 6 years of age the child should be able to in reference to gait

A

walk like an adult

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25
Q

Muscle tone is developed

A

Cephalocaudal

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26
Q

What is psuedoparalysis

A

When child is afraid to move extremity because it is going to hurt

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27
Q

What are the 5 P’s in Neurovasuclar Assessment

A

Pain, Pallor, Parasthesia, Paralysis, Pulse

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28
Q

Tearing of subcutaneous tissue

A

Contusion

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29
Q

Blood in the soft tissue

A

Hematoma

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30
Q

What does RICE stand for and what is it used for

A

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation. Soft tissue injuires

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31
Q

When elevating for a soft tissue injury what must we elevate it by

A

Above level of heart

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32
Q

How do we wrap an Ace bandage

A

Wrap distal to proximal

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33
Q

A buckle fracture is also known as a

A

Greenstick fracture

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34
Q

If growth plate is involved what can happen

A

Permanent deformitiy

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35
Q

What are the two things we need to look for, in plaster cast - post op

A

Can dry unevenly, can cause pressure

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36
Q

Why is fiberglass preferred over Plaster (3)

A

Drys quicker, lighter, easier to remove

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37
Q

Spica body casts are from the

A

nipple line to ankles

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38
Q

Why is buttocks kept of bed

A

So no compression on sciatic nerve

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39
Q

What is Volkman’s ischemia

A

lack of blood flow

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40
Q

Skin traction is used for children (age,weight)

A

under 3 years old or under 30lbs

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41
Q

Describe Russels traction

A

Weight pulls in two direction, body acts ad counterweight

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42
Q

Skeletal fraction is

A

2 weights hanging from bed frame

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43
Q

What is patient at risk for in skeletal tracrtion

A

risk for infection and immobility

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44
Q

In skeletal traction, what bone does it go through

A

Femur

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45
Q

Halo traction is used for the

A

Neck

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46
Q

In Bryants traction what does the patient have a risk for

A

Volkman’s ischemia

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47
Q

Inflammation of the bone, staph aureus, and a blood borne infection is

A

Osteomyelitis

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48
Q

What are the 3 S&S of Osteomyelitis

A

Fever, Pain, Psuedoparalysis

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49
Q

With an elevated ESR, and Luekocytosis what can we expect

A

Osteomyelitis

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50
Q

For Osteomyeltiss it is important the the limb affected remains

A

immobile

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51
Q

Breakdown, deferioration of muscles, more common in males

A

Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

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52
Q

Fatty infilration of muscle cells with tissue breakdown happens in

A

Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

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53
Q

What are 4 S&S of Duchenne Muscular Dystropy

A

Delayed Walking, decreased muscle strength, Lordosis, Clumsiness

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54
Q

What is the name of the sign and what is it in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A

Kids cant lift themselves off the floor, grabbing when lifting GOWERS SIGN

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55
Q

What is the life extpectancy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A

early 30s

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56
Q

Also known as Coxaploma, it is a Degenerative Hip disease

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

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57
Q

Lack of circulation to femoral head

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

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58
Q

Can have 4-8 years with limp, cause is unknown,

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

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59
Q

What usually comec before a diagnosis of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

A

Trauma or Synovitis

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60
Q

Bucks traction is mainly done to

A

Abduct legs

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61
Q

What are 3 tx. For Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

A

Bucks traction, Hip bracing, Maintaining ROM but limiting activity

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62
Q

What is prognosis for Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

A

Good-w/ potential for hip degeneration in later years

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63
Q

tumor that causes deformity and pain

A

Benign

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64
Q

tumor that had development of abnormal cells

A

Malignant

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65
Q

Growth in marrow of long bones. Mets to lungs and other bones, usually occurs after a fracture

A

Ewings Sarcoma

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66
Q

Primary malignant tumor of long bones

A

Osteosarcoma

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67
Q

What is one thing patient does not want to hear that has Osteosarcoma

A

Success stories

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68
Q

What are 3 things we can do for patient post op Osteosarcoma surgery

A

Teach about phantom limb pain, PT to prothesis, emotional support

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69
Q

Arthirits children get that usually follows a strep infection

A

Juvenile Rheumathoid Arthritis

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70
Q

Fever that is x10 days, affects internal organs

A

Systemic Fever

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71
Q

Arthritis in 5 or more joints is called

A

Polyarticular

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72
Q

Arthriits in 4 or less joints is called

A

Pauciarticular

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73
Q

Inflammation of the eyes is called

A

Uveitis

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74
Q

What is the child at risk for who is taking NSAIDS

A

ulcers and gastric bleeding

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75
Q

For kids with juvenile rheumathoid arthritis, we want to prevent Ankylosis which is a

A

Joint deformity

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76
Q

What will excarbate symptoms in Juvenile Rhuemathoid Arthritis

A

Poor nutrition

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77
Q

What can we have child do for Juvenile Rheumathooid Arthritis that might help

A

Do alphabet with hands and feet

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78
Q

When do we usually screen for Scoliosis and how do we confirm

A

Between 9-13 confirmed with X-ray

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79
Q

What is maxiumum weight for a child to carry that has scoliosis

A

5 lbs

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80
Q

What is the tx for Curves under 20 degrees

A

Good posture, backpack safety

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81
Q

What is the tx. For 20-40 degrees (3)

A

Bostom Brace, Milwaukee Brace, Daily exercise

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82
Q

What are 2 tx. For Curves greater than 40 degrees

A

Harrington Rods, Spinal Fusion

83
Q

How long should patient have brace on

A

23 hours a day

84
Q

What can patient experience post op surgery for scoliosis

A

Constipation

85
Q

When can we start p.t. for Scoliosis after surgery

A

Minimal pt after 3 days, Intense after 6 weeks

86
Q

What do we do post op surgery scoliosis

A

Log roll

87
Q

To help skin integrity what can we tell patient to do that has a brace

A

Tee shirt underneath brace

88
Q

For sports injuries how long should we apply ice at a time

A

20 minutes on/off

89
Q

Brusing in the peri-area is usually a sign of

A

Abuse

90
Q

Otitis media simply is a

A

Ear infection

91
Q

Second hand smoke can sometimes damage the ulna resulting in a

A

Otitis media

92
Q

What are 3 ways to get Otitis media

A

Haemophilus Influenzae, Baby w/ bottle in bed, Second hand smoke

93
Q

What are 4 things we see for children who develop Otitis media

A

Pulling on ear, Irritability, Fever, Vomiting/Diarhhea

94
Q

After ear drops what must we have child do

A

Lay still for 5 min

95
Q

What do we use in the ear for tx. Of Otitis Media

A

Broad Spectrum Antibiotic

96
Q

How do we place eyedrops for children under 3 years

A

ear lobe down and back

97
Q

How do we place eyedrops for children over 3 years

A

Pinna up and back

98
Q

It is important that we do not place what in childs ear

A

cotton

99
Q

Common procedure that we do to drain fluid from straight eustacian tube

A

Myringotomy

100
Q

What are 4 things we must do/ look out for post Myringectomy

A

keep ears dry, ear plugs, no submerging head under water, monitor for tube falling out

101
Q

Hearing impairment prenataly usually comes from what two things

A

Viral infection, garman measles

102
Q

Acquired deafness usally comes from what 4 things

A

Measles, Mumps, Meningitis, and exposure to loud noise

103
Q

What are 3 things we can do to better communication in imparied hearing

A

Gain child attention before speaking, face at eye level, proper care of hearing devices

104
Q

What is the eye chart called

A

Snelly chart

105
Q

Increased oxygen can usually lead to

A

Eye problems, Retinopathy or Nueropathy

106
Q

Irregular shaped cornea or lens, that causes blurry vision is called

A

Astigmitism

107
Q

Astigmitism is usally tx. With

A

Corrective lenses

108
Q

Wandering, lazy eye, due to decreased muscle is called

A

Amblyopia

109
Q

What does child do frequently that has Amblyopia

A

Cover bad eye when trying to focus

110
Q

What is the tx. For Amblyopia

A

Patch good eye 22 out of 24 hrs a day

111
Q

Ambylopia can occur up to how many years old

A

nine

112
Q

Unable to focus eyes at sametime also called cross eyed

A

Strabismus

113
Q

What are two tx for Strabismus

A

Alternating patches in unaffected eye, training excercis (Vision therapy)

114
Q

Children with Conjuctivitis usually wake up with very dry eyes, what can we do

A

Warm compress to ears, wipe from inner to outer

115
Q

Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye

A

Hyphema

116
Q

How does Hyphemas usually happen

A

Blunt trauma or penetration

117
Q

Children with Hyphemas should be on strict bed rest for how long

A

7-10 days

118
Q

How do we tx. Hyphemas (3)

A

Strict bed rest, Both eyes patched, CBR to prevent increase of IOP

119
Q

Retinoblastomas usually develops when

A

in utero

120
Q

What is one way we can pre-diagnose Retinoblastoma

A

Light does not refrect properly (pictures)

121
Q

Malignant tumor Chromosone 13 defieceny

A

Retinoblastoma

122
Q

Cats eye is associated with

A

Retinoblastoma

123
Q

Cryosurgery is used for what and why

A

Retinoblastoma, best and least invasive

124
Q

Freezing by lazer used for Retinoblastoma

A

Cryosurgery

125
Q

Enucleation is the

A

Removal of eye

126
Q

Tx. That destorys blood vessels by laser used for Retinoblastoma

A

Photocoagulation

127
Q

What are 3 nursing responsicbilties for Retinoblastoma

A

Elbow restraints, protect pressure dressing, eye prothess

128
Q

Commuted fractures are usually what related

A

Sport

129
Q

For kids in bryants traction we should always observe for

A

risk of aspiration

130
Q

Osteomyeltitis usually happens in kids who (2)

A

Don̥t wear shoes, step on a pebble

131
Q

Elevated Serum levels can usually mean

A

Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

132
Q

Kids with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy tend to have a overgrown

A

Calf muscle

133
Q

Anemia usually occurs due to

A

Ewings Sarcoma

134
Q

Meningitis can usually lead to

A

Deafness

135
Q

What do we do to children prior toMRI and ct scan to make compliance easier?

A

Sedate patient

136
Q

In a neuro vascular check what do we look for

A

PainPallorParasthesiaParalysisBilateral pulsePolarCapillary refill

137
Q

What is a contusion

A

Tearing of subcutaneous tissue

138
Q

Blood in the soft tissue

A

Hematoma

139
Q

What is a sprain

A

Torn ligaments

140
Q

What is a strain

A

Small tear in muscle or tendon

141
Q

Treatment for soft tissue injury

A

Rest (non weight bearing)IceCompressionElevation

142
Q

Two common fractures in children

A

Green stick and buckle fracture (wrist)

143
Q

What is Bryant’s traction

A

Skin traction used for children under 3 years old or 30 lbsUsed for dislocated hip or femur fractureButtocks is kept off bedRisk for aspirationRisk for volkmans ischemia

144
Q

What is Russell’s traction

A

Weight pulls in two directionsVertical and horizontalBody acts as counter weight

145
Q

Responsibility for traction

A

Applied and removed by MDWeights hang freely Pin careNV checksObserve for infection, compliance, and constipation

146
Q

What is osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone caused by staph

147
Q

What is Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy?

A

Progressive neuromuscular disease. Hereditary recessive, occurs in males. Fatty infiltration of muscle cells (breakdown)

148
Q

Signs and symptoms of DMD

A

Delayed walkingDecrease muscle strengthClumsiness (no fine motor skills)Increase lordosisGowers signOver developed calve muscles

149
Q

What is Gowers sign

A

Difficulty getting up from sitting position. Holding calves to get up

150
Q

What is the prognosis with DMD and what care do we provide for patients with the disease?

A

Poor prognosis life expectancy is early 30s. Prevention of complications is main goal.

151
Q

When is DMD usually diagnosed

A

4-5 years of age

152
Q

What is another name for legg-calve-perthes disease

A

Coxaplana

153
Q

What is Coxaplana

A

Lack of circulation to the femoral head - slips out of acetabulum

154
Q

What is the cause of Coxaplana and how does it develop?

A

Unknown cause - results from trauma or synovitis prior

155
Q

What test is done to diagnose Coxaplana?

A

X-Ray

156
Q

How long is treatment for Coxaplana?

A

1-2 years

157
Q

What is the treatments for Coxaplana?

A

Bucks tractionHip bracing to ABDUCT hips/legsMaintain ROMLimit activity during treatment

158
Q

What is the prognosis for Coxaplana?

A

Good however there’s a potential for hip degeneration in later years

159
Q

Where do bone rumors usually develop?

A

In the long bones

160
Q

What is Ewing’s sarcoma?

A

Tumor growth in the marrow of long bones

161
Q

What is the problem with Ewing’s sarcoma?

A

It can metastasize to the lungs and other bones

162
Q

S&S of Ewing’s sarcoma

A

PainPossible mass at sitePossible fracture

163
Q

What is osteosarcoma?

A

Primary malignant tumor of long bones. Also mets to lungs

164
Q

Signs and symptoms of osteosarcoma

A

Pain, limited mobility, obvious tumor mass

165
Q

What is the treatment for osteosarcoma

A

Amputation and chemo

166
Q

What is given after amputation of affected limb in osteosarcoma for patient to return to a normal life

A

Possible prosthesis

167
Q

What can cause juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Chronic strep infection

168
Q

Systemic RA

A

Fever for 10 days, internal organs affected

169
Q

Polyarticular

A

Arthritis in 5 or more joints

170
Q

Pauciarticular

A

Arthritis in 4 or less joints

171
Q

S&S of JRA

A

Swollen jointsEnlarged liver & spleenAnemia, anorexia, rashPericarditis, myocarditis, uveitis (inflammation of anterior chamber in eye)

172
Q

What test would be elevated in JRA?

A

ANA & the tests associated with Lupus

173
Q

Treatment for JRA

A

NSAIDs, heat packs/hot showersGood nutritionImmunizationsCorticosteroids

174
Q

What does uveitis lead to

A

Blindness

175
Q

How can we do range of motion for a child with JRA

A

Play with child (catch, dance, etc)

176
Q

Drug of choice for JRA

A

NSAIDS

177
Q

What is the problem with NSAIDS

A

They are gastrotoxic therefore take with food/milk

178
Q

What medication is acceptable to use in children with JRA that would otherwise not be acceptable

A

Aspirin

179
Q

What is ankylosis and how is it prevented

A

Joint deformity and ROM will prevent it

180
Q

What will affect immunizations in JRA

A

The steroid therapy the patient is on

181
Q

What is wax & wane in JRA

A

On and off symptoms (exacerbations)

182
Q

What is scoliosis

A

S like curvature of spine

183
Q

What is functional scoliosis

A

Poor posture

184
Q

What is structural scoliosis

A

CongenitalNeuromuscular Idiopathic

185
Q

How is scoliosis tested for

A

Patient bends over - dr feels spineX ray

186
Q

What is treatment for curves under 20 degrees

A

Good posturebackpack safety

187
Q

Treatment for curves 20-40 degrees

A

Boston braceMilwaukee braceDaily exercise

188
Q

Treatment for curves greater than 40 degrees

A

Harrington rodsSpinal fusion

189
Q

How long does patient wear back brace

A

23 hours a day for 2-3 years

190
Q

How do we protect skin integrity when patient with scoliosis wears brace

A

Light tee shirt under brace

191
Q

How long patient in hospital after surgery for scoliosis

A

48-72 hours

192
Q

When does physical therapy start for back surgery in scoliosis

A

4-6 weeks after surgery

193
Q

What do we do directly after sport injury

A

Ice 20 min on and off for first 24 hours

194
Q

A disorder in which the blood supply to the epiphyses of the bone is disrupted

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

195
Q

Bucks extension is also called a

A

Skin traction

196
Q

A yellow bruise lasts approximately

A

7-10 days

197
Q

One of the most common causes of death in a child with muscular dystrophy is

A

Cardiac Failure

198
Q

What type of traction would the nurse expect to be used for a 20-month old who has a fractured femur

A

Bryants

199
Q

Fracture involving the epiphyseal plate can result in

A

impaired bone growth

200
Q

X-linked disorder

A

Duchennes muscular dystrophy

201
Q

Most common tx. for Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease is

A

Ambulation-abduction casts or braces

202
Q

What finding in any traction should be reported ASAP

A

Tingling in toes, hands

203
Q

Uveitis is found in

A

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

204
Q

Describe how we would find childs legs in Bryants traction

A

Legs at right angles to the body

Dressler 3rd Semester (7 decks)

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