Module 2: Building Components Flashcards
What are the 3 types of basements?
Full basement: below grade with a small amount of wall between the finished grade and the top of the wall.
Raised basement: half above and half below grade.
Daylight of walkout basement: one side of house is below grade and the opposite side is above grade.
What type of basement is seen in a split entry house?
Raised basement
What is a crawl space?
A half-height or less basement.
What are types of crawlspaces?
Open: have a vent to allow moist air to move in and out.
Closed: not vented.
What is the best practice on crawlspace?
To build a closed crawlspace for energy efficient and eliminates moisture problems and keeps heat in.
What are types of slab-on-grade?
A frost wall on a footing that sits below frost line with a slab built at grade level.
Raft foundation: edge of slab are thickened with steel (commercial construction)
What can be the result of lateral pressure^
Can result in shearing (where a wall goes out of square but stays in on itself) or racking (where the wall twists out of square and out of the same plane)
what can stop shearing and racking?
sheathing and bracing
what are examples of outside faces of a building walls that protect the wall from the weather?
a cladding of some sort -brick, stone, wood, vinyl or aluminum siding
what makes up the structural portion of a framed wall?
the bottom plate, the top plate, the studd spacing and the framing around window and door openings.
what is platform framing?
each level has the load bearing walls and posts built on the floor that they rest on. this is how most low-rise wood structures are constructed
what is balloon framing?
a tall wall would be constructed on the ground, raised and tied into the other walls and the foundations. floors were attached to ledger strips built into the tall wall.
what was timber frame most used for?
bans and other buildings requiring large open space
what is Optimal Value Engineering (OVE)
it can improve the overall performance of the wall by reducing the framing component up to 20%.
what are steel studs^
used like wood studs in platform framing. lighter and less bulky than wood which is good for transportation and storage. steel studs can be installed on wider spacings than wood
what are tall walls?
code allows for wood framed buildings to be built up to 6 storeys high.
what makes up the structural portion of a masonry wall?
masonry itself is the structural element.
when is concrete masonry units most often used?
in below-grade applications
what is the most common sort of foundation walls?
poured in place concrete walls
what is an insulating concrete forms(ICFs)
are a variation on cast in place walls, using an insulating form that becomes part of the thermal envelope
what are the 3 basic types of ICF?
- hollow foam blocks
- foam planks held together with plastic ties
- larger panels held together with plastic ties.
what makes up the structural portion of a floor system?
joist, rim joist (header), bridging, bracing, strapping, subfloor, ceiling, finish.
what are glulam beams?
made up a 2x dimensional lumber that has been stacked, glued and trimmed to form beams up to 72 inches deep and 60 feet long
what makes up the structural portion of a roof system
ceiling joist and rafter or truss system, strapping, sheathing and roofing.
what is a gable roof?
means that the roof load is only carried on the eave sides of the house
what is a hip roof?
it spread the roof load more evenly around the perimeter of the whole house
when are parallel chord trusses used?
used for both flat roofs and sloped ceilings
how does truss uplift happen?
the bottom chord of a truss is buried below a deep blanket of insulation and so, its not exposed to extreme temperature differences. Top chords are above insulation and get really cold. when the cold parts of the truss absorbs heat from the attic it expands and pulls the bottom chord up.
how to prevent truss uplift in new construction?
- eliminate air leakage through the ceiling
- ensure attic ventilation (roof vents)
- use metal L-shaped truss clips
