Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (Lecture) > Module 2 ( Atomic Theory, Electron Configuration, The Quantum Mechanical Model, The Periodic Table) > Flashcards

Module 2 ( Atomic Theory, Electron Configuration, The Quantum Mechanical Model, The Periodic Table) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

The scientific description of nature of atoms

A

Atomic Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

He came up with the idea that if you continued to cut something, eventually you would end up with something that couldn’t be cut anymore

A

Democritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle that an element can be divided and still be the same substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atomos means?

A

cannot be divided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

He realized that atoms combine in very specific proportions based on mass

A

John Dalton (1803)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

John Dalton’s model

A

Solid Sphere Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

On what model indicated that all substances are made of atoms that cannot be created, divided, or destroyed

A

Dalton’s Solid Sphere Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who was the proponent of the Plum Pudding Model and when was it proposed?

A

J.J Thompson (1897)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the plum pudding model indicate?

A

Electrons are mixed throughout the atom, like a soup or a plum pudding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who discovered electrons?

A

J.J Thompson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford discover in 1909?

A

He discovered that an atom contains a nucleus with positively charged particles and electrons must be floating around the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False. Rutherford indicates that most of an atom is empty space

(If false, correct the statement)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

He proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in energy levels but no electrons in between

A

Niels Bohr (1913)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False. According to Bohr, electrons have a tendency to stay only on their corresponding energy levels.

(If false, correct the statement)

A

False.

Electrons can jump from one level to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who were the proponents of the Modern Atomic Theory?

A

Erwin Shrodinger and Werner Heisenberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Modern Atomic Theory indicates that…

A

Electrons have no predictable pattern and move in a region called the electron cloud.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does it mean when:

a) protons = electrons
b) protons > electrons
c) protons < electrons

A

a) an atom has no charge
b) has positive charge
c) has a negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Electrons, protons, and neutrons are called?

A

Subatomic particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or False. Bohr found that “cathode rays” were actually particles travelling from cathode to anode and called them electrons

(If false, correct the statement)

A

False.

Thompson found that “cathode rays” were actually particles traveling from cathode to anode and called them electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who discovered neutrons?

A

James Chadwick (1932)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What charges can be found in the nucleus? Outside the nucleus?

A

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Electrons are surrounding the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It is the number of protons which is also the number of electrons

A

Atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True or False. The atomic number is unique to each element.

If false, correct the statement

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The sum of protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Enumerate the three nuclei of H isotopes

A

Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

It describes how the electrons are distributed in the various atomic orbitals.

A

Electron configuration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the two ways of writing electron configuration

A

spdf notation, orbital box notation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

It states that electrons enter the lowest energy orbitals first.

A

Aufbau’s Principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

True or False. If the principal quantum number (n) is lower, then the energy level is higher.

(If false, correct the statement)

A

False.

The lower the n, the lower the energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

An atomic orbital may only have up to 2 electrons.

A

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Explain Hund’s rule.

A

It states that in degenerating orbitals, you fill half way first before pairing electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Degenerate orbital means…

A

they have the same energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

True or False. A similar configuration causes them to behave chemically

(If false, correct the statement)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The total number of electrons that can be accommodated in an energy level.

A

2n^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The principal quantum number is also known as…

A

Bohr’s spectral lines

36
Q

Splitting of Bohr’s spectral lines under a high-resolution spectroscope

A

Azimuthal quantum number

37
Q

The azimuthal is also known as…

A

sub energy levels or orbitals

38
Q

Values of azimuthal quantum #

A

0 to n-1

39
Q

Indicate the energy level when l = 0, 1, 2, 3

A

0 - s orbital
1 - p orbital
2 - d orbital
3 - f orbital

40
Q

Splitting of high-resolution lines in a magnetic field

A

Magnetic quantum number

41
Q

True or False. The magnetic quantum number is also called angular momentum.

(If false, correct the statement)

A

True

42
Q

Values of the magnetic quantum number range from

A

-l to 0 +l

43
Q

Spin Quantum Number

A

Indicates electron spin in the orbital

44
Q

Values for the spin quantum number

A

-1/2, +1/2

45
Q

The area around the nucleus where the probability of finding the electrons are maximum.

A

Orbitals

46
Q

Indicate the shapes of each orbital.

A

s - sphere-shaped
p - dumbbell-shaped
d - double dumbbell-shaped
f - lobbed dumbbell

47
Q

How many electrons can each orbital hold?

A

s - 2
p - 6
d - 10
f - 14

48
Q

Who introduced the 4 initial elements and what are those?

A

Aristotle

Fire, Water, Air, Earth

49
Q

This is when 14 elements were known

A

1700

50
Q

He wrote the first extensive list of 33 elements.

A

Antoine Lavoisier

51
Q

What did Johann Dobereiner found out in 1829?

A

In a group of three, the average atomic mass of the first and third elements is equal to the atomic mass of the second element.

52
Q

Who formulated the Law of Triads?

A

Johann Dobereiner

53
Q

He arranged the known 62 elements from lightest to heaviest based on increasing atomic weights

A

John Newlands (1864)

54
Q

True or False. Mendeleev noticed that every 8th element had similar chemical and physical properties.

(If false, correct the statement)

A

False.

Newlands noticed that every 8th element had similar chemical and physical properties.

55
Q

Who is the proponent of the Law of Octaves?

A

John Newlands

56
Q

A Russian chemist that organized elements by their atomic mass.

A

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)

57
Q

The Father of Modern Periodic Table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

58
Q

It states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic weights.

A

Periodic Law

59
Q

He arranged elements by atomic number

A

Henry Moseley

60
Q

Properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic number

A

New Periodic Law

61
Q

He helped establish noble gases as a new group in the periodic table.

A

William Ramsay (1904)

62
Q

What did Ramsay discovered and which is the first?

A

Noble gases.

Helium and Argon are the first to be discovered.

63
Q

He discovered 8 new elements and the only living person whom an element was named.

A

Glenn Seaborg

64
Q

How many elements are there?

A

118 elements, 82 naturally occurred on Earth, 36 have been created

65
Q

Indicate which are period and group in a periodic table.

A

Period/ series - horizontal rows

Group/ Family - vertical columns

66
Q

Where are metals, metalloids, and nonmetals located in the periodic table?

A

Metal - left side
Nonmetals - right side
Metalloid - boundary

67
Q

The most metallic element

A

Francium (Fr)

68
Q

It has the tendency to lose electrons and form cations.

A

Metals

69
Q

Good insulators and has a tendency to gain electrons and form anions.

A

Nonmetals

70
Q

The most reactive nonmetal

A

Fluorine

71
Q

Elements have similar properties due to the similarities in the number of electrons in outer shells

A

The Group

72
Q

Two categories of group/family

A

Group A - Representative elements

Group B - Transition Elements

73
Q

Horizontal rows are also known as series.

A

Period

74
Q

True or False. n is the same as the periodic number.

If false, correct the statement

A

True

75
Q

It states that atoms or ions often react to obtain exactly eight electrons in their valence shell.

A

Octet rule

76
Q

Group 1A and very reactive in its elemental form.

A

Alkali Metals

77
Q

They form compounds with halogens similar to table salt.

A

Alkali Metals

78
Q

A very reactive group of elements.

A

Halogens

79
Q

What are noble gases?

A

Group 8 of elements that are very stable and are unreactive gases.

80
Q

It is half the distance between the nuclei of 2 like atoms.

A

Atomic Radius

81
Q

True or False. As you move down the group, the atomic radius decreases. And as you move across, it increases.

(If false, correct the statement)

A

False.

As you move down, it increases. It decreases as it moves from left to right.

82
Q

What is ionization energy?

A

The energy required to remove 1 electron from an atom.

83
Q

What does it mean when there is low ionization? high ionization?

A

Low IE - easy to remove the electrons

High IE - hard to remove electrons

84
Q

True or False. As you move down, ionization decreases. It increases as you move across from left to right,
(If false, correct the statement)

A

True.

85
Q

True or False. As you move down, electronegativity decreases. It increases as you move across from left to right,
(If false, correct the statement)

A

True

86
Q

The tendency of an element to be shiny, silver, and malleable,

A

Metallic character

87
Q

True or False. As you move down, the metallic character decreases. It increases as you move across from left to right,
(If false, correct the statement)

A

False.

As you move down, the metallic character increases. It decreases as you move across from left to right.

Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (Lecture) (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions