Module 2 ( Atomic Theory, Electron Configuration, The Quantum Mechanical Model, The Periodic Table)

Question 1

The scientific description of nature of atoms

Answer 1

Atomic Theory

Question 2

He came up with the idea that if you continued to cut something, eventually you would end up with something that couldn’t be cut anymore

Answer 2

Democritus

Question 3

What is an atom?

Answer 3

The smallest particle that an element can be divided and still be the same substance

Question 4

Atomos means?

Answer 4

cannot be divided

Question 5

He realized that atoms combine in very specific proportions based on mass

Answer 5

John Dalton (1803)

Question 6

John Dalton’s model

Answer 6

Solid Sphere Model

Question 7

On what model indicated that all substances are made of atoms that cannot be created, divided, or destroyed

Answer 7

Dalton’s Solid Sphere Model

Question 8

Who was the proponent of the Plum Pudding Model and when was it proposed?

Answer 8

J.J Thompson (1897)

Question 9

What does the plum pudding model indicate?

Answer 9

Electrons are mixed throughout the atom, like a soup or a plum pudding

Question 10

Who discovered electrons?

Answer 10

J.J Thompson

Question 11

What did Ernest Rutherford discover in 1909?

Answer 11

He discovered that an atom contains a nucleus with positively charged particles and electrons must be floating around the nucleus

Question 12

True or False. Rutherford indicates that most of an atom is empty space

(If false, correct the statement)

Answer 12

True

Question 13

He proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in energy levels but no electrons in between

Answer 13

Niels Bohr (1913)

Question 14

True or False. According to Bohr, electrons have a tendency to stay only on their corresponding energy levels.

(If false, correct the statement)

Answer 14

False.

Electrons can jump from one level to another.

Question 15

Who were the proponents of the Modern Atomic Theory?

Answer 15

Erwin Shrodinger and Werner Heisenberg

Question 16

Modern Atomic Theory indicates that…

Answer 16

Electrons have no predictable pattern and move in a region called the electron cloud.

Question 17

What does it mean when:

a) protons = electrons
b) protons > electrons
c) protons < electrons

Answer 17

a) an atom has no charge
b) has positive charge
c) has a negative charge

Question 18

Electrons, protons, and neutrons are called?

Answer 18

Subatomic particles

Question 19

True or False. Bohr found that “cathode rays” were actually particles travelling from cathode to anode and called them electrons

(If false, correct the statement)

Answer 19

False.

Thompson found that “cathode rays” were actually particles traveling from cathode to anode and called them electrons.

Question 20

Who discovered neutrons?

Answer 20

James Chadwick (1932)

Question 21

What charges can be found in the nucleus? Outside the nucleus?

Answer 21

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Electrons are surrounding the nucleus.

Question 22

It is the number of protons which is also the number of electrons

Answer 22

Atomic number

Question 23

True or False. The atomic number is unique to each element.

If false, correct the statement

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is the mass number?

Answer 24

The sum of protons and neutrons

Question 25

Enumerate the three nuclei of H isotopes

Answer 25

Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium

Question 26

It describes how the electrons are distributed in the various atomic orbitals.

Answer 26

Electron configuration

Question 27

What are the two ways of writing electron configuration

Answer 27

spdf notation, orbital box notation

Question 28

It states that electrons enter the lowest energy orbitals first.

Answer 28

Aufbau's Principle

Question 29

True or False. If the principal quantum number (n) is lower, then the energy level is higher. (If false, correct the statement)

Answer 29

False. The lower the n, the lower the energy.

Question 30

An atomic orbital may only have up to 2 electrons.

Answer 30

Pauli's Exclusion Principle

Question 31

Explain Hund's rule.

Answer 31

It states that in degenerating orbitals, you fill half way first before pairing electrons.

Question 32

Degenerate orbital means...

Answer 32

they have the same energy

Question 33

True or False. A similar configuration causes them to behave chemically (If false, correct the statement)

Answer 33

True

Question 34

The total number of electrons that can be accommodated in an energy level.

Answer 34

2n^2

Question 35

The principal quantum number is also known as...

Answer 35

Bohr's spectral lines

Question 36

Splitting of Bohr's spectral lines under a high-resolution spectroscope

Answer 36

Azimuthal quantum number

Question 37

The azimuthal is also known as...

Answer 37

sub energy levels or orbitals

Question 38

Values of azimuthal quantum #

Answer 38

0 to n-1

Question 39

Indicate the energy level when l = 0, 1, 2, 3

Answer 39

0 - s orbital 1 - p orbital 2 - d orbital 3 - f orbital

Question 40

Splitting of high-resolution lines in a magnetic field

Answer 40

Magnetic quantum number

Question 41

True or False. The magnetic quantum number is also called angular momentum. (If false, correct the statement)

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Values of the magnetic quantum number range from

Answer 42

-l to 0 +l

Question 43

Spin Quantum Number

Answer 43

Indicates electron spin in the orbital

Question 44

Values for the spin quantum number

Answer 44

-1/2, +1/2

Question 45

The area around the nucleus where the probability of finding the electrons are maximum.

Answer 45

Orbitals

Question 46

Indicate the shapes of each orbital.

Answer 46

s - sphere-shaped p - dumbbell-shaped d - double dumbbell-shaped f - lobbed dumbbell

Question 47

How many electrons can each orbital hold?

Answer 47

s - 2 p - 6 d - 10 f - 14

Question 48

Who introduced the 4 initial elements and what are those?

Answer 48

Aristotle | Fire, Water, Air, Earth

Question 49

This is when 14 elements were known

Answer 49

1700

Question 50

He wrote the first extensive list of 33 elements.

Answer 50

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 51

What did Johann Dobereiner found out in 1829?

Answer 51

In a group of three, the average atomic mass of the first and third elements is equal to the atomic mass of the second element.

Question 52

Who formulated the Law of Triads?

Answer 52

Johann Dobereiner

Question 53

He arranged the known 62 elements from lightest to heaviest based on increasing atomic weights

Answer 53

John Newlands (1864)

Question 54

True or False. Mendeleev noticed that every 8th element had similar chemical and physical properties. (If false, correct the statement)

Answer 54

False. Newlands noticed that every 8th element had similar chemical and physical properties.

Question 55

Who is the proponent of the Law of Octaves?

Answer 55

John Newlands

Question 56

A Russian chemist that organized elements by their atomic mass.

Answer 56

Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)

Question 57

The Father of Modern Periodic Table

Answer 57

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 58

It states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic weights.

Answer 58

Periodic Law

Question 59

He arranged elements by atomic number

Answer 59

Henry Moseley

Question 60

Properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic number

Answer 60

New Periodic Law

Question 61

He helped establish noble gases as a new group in the periodic table.

Answer 61

William Ramsay (1904)

Question 62

What did Ramsay discovered and which is the first?

Answer 62

Noble gases. | Helium and Argon are the first to be discovered.

Question 63

He discovered 8 new elements and the only living person whom an element was named.

Answer 63

Glenn Seaborg

Question 64

How many elements are there?

Answer 64

118 elements, 82 naturally occurred on Earth, 36 have been created

Question 65

Indicate which are period and group in a periodic table.

Answer 65

Period/ series - horizontal rows | Group/ Family - vertical columns

Question 66

Where are metals, metalloids, and nonmetals located in the periodic table?

Answer 66

Metal - left side Nonmetals - right side Metalloid - boundary

Question 67

The most metallic element

Answer 67

Francium (Fr)

Question 68

It has the tendency to lose electrons and form cations.

Answer 68

Metals

Question 69

Good insulators and has a tendency to gain electrons and form anions.

Answer 69

Nonmetals

Question 70

The most reactive nonmetal

Answer 70

Fluorine

Question 71

Elements have similar properties due to the similarities in the number of electrons in outer shells

Answer 71

The Group

Question 72

Two categories of group/family

Answer 72

Group A - Representative elements | Group B - Transition Elements

Question 73

Horizontal rows are also known as series.

Answer 73

Period

Question 74

True or False. n is the same as the periodic number. | If false, correct the statement

Answer 74

True

Question 75

It states that atoms or ions often react to obtain exactly eight electrons in their valence shell.

Answer 75

Octet rule

Question 76

Group 1A and very reactive in its elemental form.

Answer 76

Alkali Metals

Question 77

They form compounds with halogens similar to table salt.

Answer 77

Alkali Metals

Question 78

A very reactive group of elements.

Answer 78

Halogens

Question 79

What are noble gases?

Answer 79

Group 8 of elements that are very stable and are unreactive gases.

Question 80

It is half the distance between the nuclei of 2 like atoms.

Answer 80

Atomic Radius

Question 81

True or False. As you move down the group, the atomic radius decreases. And as you move across, it increases. (If false, correct the statement)

Answer 81

False. As you move down, it increases. It decreases as it moves from left to right.

Question 82

What is ionization energy?

Answer 82

The energy required to remove 1 electron from an atom.

Question 83

What does it mean when there is low ionization? high ionization?

Answer 83

Low IE - easy to remove the electrons | High IE - hard to remove electrons

Question 84

True or False. As you move down, ionization decreases. It increases as you move across from left to right, (If false, correct the statement)

Answer 84

True.

Question 85

True or False. As you move down, electronegativity decreases. It increases as you move across from left to right, (If false, correct the statement)

Answer 85

True

Question 86

The tendency of an element to be shiny, silver, and malleable,

Answer 86

Metallic character

Question 87

True or False. As you move down, the metallic character decreases. It increases as you move across from left to right, (If false, correct the statement)

Answer 87

False. As you move down, the metallic character increases. It decreases as you move across from left to right.