Module 2 Flashcards
Spontaneous abortion
Threatened: vaginal bleeding
Inevitable: membranes rupture, cervix dilates
Incomplete: some products expelled, some remain
Associated with diabetes
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Trophoblasts (outer layer of blastocyst) develops abnormally, placenta does not develop normally, and fetus has fatal chromosome defect
Placenta previa
Placenta is low, not up top.
Marginal: Lower than it should be
Complete: covering vaginal opening
Previa sign: sudden onset of painless uterine bleeding in last half of pregnancy.
Placental abruption
Placenta falls off before fetus is born
Caused by clot on maternal side, fucking up a lot of vessels and causing mass bleeding
Manifestations: Bleeding, tenderness, uterine irritability, abd pain, board-like abd., nonreassuring FHR, hypovolemic shock
Management: Blood given, emergency c section if possible
Hyperemesis gravidarum management
Small meals, dry food like crackers, zofran
HTN in pregnancy
Gestational HTN:BP over 140/90 after 20 weeks
Preeclampsia: HTN after 20 wks. with proteinuria
Eclampsia: HTN with tonic clonic seizures (treated with mag sulfate)
HELLP
Hemolysis
Elevated Liver Enzymes
Low Platelets
Life threatening
Rh issues
Rh neg mother, Rh pos fetus- affects fetus
Rh positive people have antigens
when Rh pos blood enters blood of Rh neg mom, seen as foreign substance.
Results in Extensive fetal-maternal hemorrhage
Treated with RhoGAM to prevent antibody formation
ABO incompatibility
Mother blood type O
Fetus type A, B, AB (they have antigens not on O)
O type develops anti-A or anti-B, can cause hemolysis in fetus
Affects first fetus
Less severe than Rh incompatibility
Glucose metabolism while pregnant
Early: insulin response accelerates, hypoglycemia can occur
Late: Placental hormones create insulin resistance, may leave with too low insulin and hyperglycemia
Gestational DM: any degree of carb intolerance
Gestational DM test
between 24 and 28 wks.
Given 50g glucose, bloods taken 1hr later.
If glucose 140mg/dL+ then OGTT recommended
OGTT; Fast from midnight to day of test, get fasting glucose level, then ingest 100g glucose. Plasma values taken at 1, 2, 3 hrs.
Fasting: 95
1hr: 185
2hr: 155
3hr: 140
CMV infection
Mom infected, can be transferred to fetus.
Infected fetus can have congenital infection- disabilities, organs fucked up, late onset signs like hearing loss, psychomotor and learning disabilities
No way to fix
Rubella infection
In fetus: can cause spontaneous abortions in first trimester, physical and mental disabilities
Varicella infection
Small risk first trimester
Wk 13-20 causes infant to be messed up
Mother’s physiological response to labor
Cardiovascular: Blood volume increase during each contraction (compression of spiral arteries)-> higher BP, lower HR
Resp: Can encounter hyperventilation-> resp alkalosis
GI: N/V, can give ice chips and popsicles
Urinary: Reduced sensation of full bladder- may need to cath
Heme: Blood loss up to 500mL
