Module 2

Question 1

Karnofsky Scores

Answer 1

80-100
Able to carry on normal activity; o special care needed

40-70
Unable to work but can live at home, maybe home care

30 and under
Unable to care for self, requires hospital care; palliative care

Question 2

Red blood cells

Answer 2

Aka erythrocytes

• hemoglobin
• hematocrit

Produced in the bone marrow

Life span 80-120 days (need to know for recover times)

It carries O2 and removes CO2 via hemoglobin

Question 3

White blood cells

Answer 3

Aka leukocytes

• granular
• agranular

Formed in the bone marrow- lymph

Life span 10-14 days

Question 4

Granular leukocytes

Answer 4

• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils

Question 5

Agranular leukocytes

Answer 5

• lymphocytes

- monocytes

Question 6

CBC

Answer 6

Complete blood count
Includes:
RBC
WBC
Platelets

Question 7

Nadir

Answer 7

A low point in any measurements, often identifying a critical level

Eg. Neutrophils less that 1000
Life threatening infx can occur

Eg. Febrile neutropenia = death
Increase fever and increase neutrophil
CRITICAL

Question 8

Hemoglobin

Answer 8

Oxygen carrying component of the red blood cell

Question 9

Hematocrit

Answer 9

The volume of RBCs found in 100ml of blood

Measures in size and numbers

Question 10

Clinical implications If above or below for:

1. RBC
2. Hemoglobin

Answer 10

1. Anemia (decrease energy, lack of O2, SOB)

Decrease production- increase distraction, blood loss

Decrease O2 stimulus- required red bone marrow to produce more RBC

2. O2 is a radiosensitizer- if low May alter effectiveness of RT

Short term- transfuse; long term- increase iron by diet or supplement

Question 11

Clinical implications if above or below for;

1. Hematocrit
2. White blood cells

Answer 11

1. Increase severe dehydration (decrease fluid and liquids)

Decrease anemia, usually runs parallel with RBCs

2. Increase leukocytes: infection, leukaemiA

Decrease Leukoctopenia/ bone marrow depression

Question 12

Functions of WBCs

Answer 12

1. Phagocytosis
   Fight pathogens and foreign invaders
2. Immunity
   Produce and transport antibodies via lymph

Question 13

Neutrophils Phil’s

Function and clinical implications

Answer 13

1. Phagocytosis

2. Increase bacterial infx, inflammatory disease

Question 14

Eosinophils

Functions and clinical implications

Answer 14

1. Allergic reaction and destroys some parasites

2. Increase allergies, parasites

Question 15

Basophils

Function and clinical implications

Answer 15

1. Allergic reaction and inflammatory response
2. Increase blood disease, leukaemia
   Decrease acute allergic reaction

Question 16

Lymphocytes

Function and clinical implications

Answer 16

1. Mediate immune response (antibodies)
   Bacterial, viral
2. Increase chronic bacteria, viral infx MM, mono

Question 17

Monocytes

Functions and clinical implications

Answer 17

1. Phagocytosis
2. Increase viral infx, parasites, malaria

Decrease drug therapy

Question 18

Platelets

Answer 18

Aka thrombocytes

Formed in the bone marrow

Life span 8-12 days

Essential in Hemostasis and blood clotting