Module 2 Flashcards
Is bone an organ?
Yes
Bones allow for 4 things:
Movement
Support
Protection
Storage
The shape of a bone is directed by its _____
Function
Bony prominences create attachment points for what
Muscles, tendons, ligaments
Bony grooves and holes allow for the passage of what
Blood vessels and nerves
How many bones are in the adult human skeleton
206
What are the 5 categories of bones
Long Bones Short Bones Flat Bones Irregular bones Sesamoid Bone
Long bones consist of 3 parts. What are they?
Diaphysis
Metaphsis
Epiphysis
Hollow, tubular shaft of bone
Diaphysis
Widened end of the bone
Metaphysis
End of the bone covered in cartilage
Epiphysis
Bone that is longer than wide
Long bones
Bones that are just as wide as long
Short Bones
Bones that are not rounded in cross section
Flat bones
Skull, sternum, pelvis are examples of what type of bone
Flat bones
Bones in the wrist and ankle are examples of what type of bone
Short bone
An example of an irregular bone
Vertebrae of Spine
These bones have a complex shape that is neither round nor flat
Irregular
These bones are completely surrounded by tendon
Sesamoid bones
The patella and small bones in the hands in feet are examples of this type of bone
Sesamoid bone
Dense compact bone most often found on bones responsible for load bearing
Cortical bone
Less dense, lattice-like bone that is more vascular and may contain bone marrow
Cancellous bone
Cortical bone is arranged in what units?
Osteons aka haversian systems
Consist of concentric layers of bone or lamellae arranged around a central haversian canal
Osteons
Bone cells
Osteocytes
Channels that run perpendicular to the haversian canals allows blood vessels to travel from the outside of the bone to the center
Volkmann’s canals
The haversian canal contains ____ and ____
blood vessels and nerves
What is interspersed between the concentric layers of cortical bone
Osteocytes
When bone is first created it is laid down in an irregular fashion known as ___ ____
Woven bone
The hallmark of mature bone
Lamellae
Woven bone is remodeled to become ___ bone
Lamellar
Cancellous bone consists of interconnected bands of tissue called _____
trabeculae
Primarily cancellous bone tissue contains more irregularly arranged _____
Lamellae
Another term for cancellous bone
Trabecular bone
Bone is a combination of organic and inorganic components
True
The organic components of bone are living tissues created in the body
True
The inorganic materials in bone are minerals that are deposited into bone
True
Bone is ___% inorganic and ___% organic
70% inorganic and 30% organic
The inorganic components of bone consist of 95% _____ and 5% ____, ____, ___, ___, and other minerals
Hydroxyapatite (HA)…… magnesium, sodium, potassium, fluoride
The organic components of bone consist of ___% collagen, __% non-collagenous proteins, and __% cells
93% collagen
5% non-collagenous proteins, 2% cells
Hydroxyapatite is a mineral compound composed of ____, ____, and _____ ions
Calcium, phosphate, and hydroxyl ions
Besides calcium and phosphorous, what minerals are stored in bone?
Magnesium, sodium, potassium, and fluoride
Collagen is a ____
Protein
The body’s primary structural material
Collagen
The main component of bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and teeth
Collagen
Collagen has great _____ strength
Tensile
Primarily signaling molecules that cells use to communicate with each other
Non-collagenous proteins
Help to initiate and direct bone growth and repar
Non-collagenous proteins
Family of proteins that have been found to regulate bone growth
BMP
Non-BMP non-collagenous proteins
Insulin-like GF (IGF)
Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-B)
Platelet-dervied growth factor (PDGF)
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
