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Spinal Anatomy > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Is bone an organ?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Bones allow for 4 things:

A

Movement
Support
Protection
Storage

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3
Q

The shape of a bone is directed by its _____

A

Function

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4
Q

Bony prominences create attachment points for what

A

Muscles, tendons, ligaments

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5
Q

Bony grooves and holes allow for the passage of what

A

Blood vessels and nerves

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6
Q

How many bones are in the adult human skeleton

A

206

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7
Q

What are the 5 categories of bones

A 
Long Bones
Short Bones
Flat Bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid Bone
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8
Q

Long bones consist of 3 parts. What are they?

A

Diaphysis
Metaphsis
Epiphysis

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9
Q

Hollow, tubular shaft of bone

A

Diaphysis

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10
Q

Widened end of the bone

A

Metaphysis

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11
Q

End of the bone covered in cartilage

A

Epiphysis

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12
Q

Bone that is longer than wide

A

Long bones

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13
Q

Bones that are just as wide as long

A

Short Bones

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14
Q

Bones that are not rounded in cross section

A

Flat bones

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15
Q

Skull, sternum, pelvis are examples of what type of bone

A

Flat bones

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16
Q

Bones in the wrist and ankle are examples of what type of bone

A

Short bone

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17
Q

An example of an irregular bone

A

Vertebrae of Spine

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18
Q

These bones have a complex shape that is neither round nor flat

A

Irregular

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19
Q

These bones are completely surrounded by tendon

A

Sesamoid bones

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20
Q

The patella and small bones in the hands in feet are examples of this type of bone

A

Sesamoid bone

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21
Q

Dense compact bone most often found on bones responsible for load bearing

A

Cortical bone

22
Q

Less dense, lattice-like bone that is more vascular and may contain bone marrow

A

Cancellous bone

23
Q

Cortical bone is arranged in what units?

A

Osteons aka haversian systems

24
Q

Consist of concentric layers of bone or lamellae arranged around a central haversian canal

A

Osteons

25
Q

Bone cells

A

Osteocytes

26
Q

Channels that run perpendicular to the haversian canals allows blood vessels to travel from the outside of the bone to the center

A

Volkmann’s canals

27
Q

The haversian canal contains ____ and ____

A

blood vessels and nerves

28
Q

What is interspersed between the concentric layers of cortical bone

A

Osteocytes

29
Q

When bone is first created it is laid down in an irregular fashion known as ___ ____

A

Woven bone

30
Q

The hallmark of mature bone

A

Lamellae

31
Q

Woven bone is remodeled to become ___ bone

A

Lamellar

32
Q

Cancellous bone consists of interconnected bands of tissue called _____

A

trabeculae

33
Q

Primarily cancellous bone tissue contains more irregularly arranged _____

A

Lamellae

34
Q

Another term for cancellous bone

A

Trabecular bone

35
Q

Bone is a combination of organic and inorganic components

A

True

36
Q

The organic components of bone are living tissues created in the body

A

True

37
Q

The inorganic materials in bone are minerals that are deposited into bone

A

True

38
Q

Bone is ___% inorganic and ___% organic

A

70% inorganic and 30% organic

39
Q

The inorganic components of bone consist of 95% _____ and 5% ____, ____, ___, ___, and other minerals

A

Hydroxyapatite (HA)…… magnesium, sodium, potassium, fluoride

40
Q

The organic components of bone consist of ___% collagen, __% non-collagenous proteins, and __% cells

A

93% collagen

5% non-collagenous proteins, 2% cells

41
Q

Hydroxyapatite is a mineral compound composed of ____, ____, and _____ ions

A

Calcium, phosphate, and hydroxyl ions

42
Q

Besides calcium and phosphorous, what minerals are stored in bone?

A

Magnesium, sodium, potassium, and fluoride

43
Q

Collagen is a ____

A

Protein

44
Q

The body’s primary structural material

A

Collagen

45
Q

The main component of bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and teeth

A

Collagen

46
Q

Collagen has great _____ strength

A

Tensile

47
Q

Primarily signaling molecules that cells use to communicate with each other

A

Non-collagenous proteins

48
Q

Help to initiate and direct bone growth and repar

A

Non-collagenous proteins

49
Q

Family of proteins that have been found to regulate bone growth

A

BMP

50
Q

Non-BMP non-collagenous proteins

A

Insulin-like GF (IGF)
Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-B)

Platelet-dervied growth factor (PDGF)
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)

Spinal Anatomy (12 decks)

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