Module 2 Flashcards
Isomers
Organic molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
Chain isomer
Same molecular formula, but different types of chain
Positional isomer
Same molecular formula, but different positions of the:
side chain,
substituents or
functional groups on a parent chain
Functional isomer
Same molecular formula, but different functional groups
London Dispersion forces
weakest
Momentary dipole forms during a collision
Dipole-dipole forces
polar molecule
Electrostatic attraction between opposite ends of two molecules
Hydrogen bonds
Directional,
strongest,
dipole-dipole bond
H bonded to O, N, F
Covalent bonds
Form by overlapping orbitals and shared electron pairs
IMFs
The accumulated electrostatic attraction between the molecules
Summarise the general relationship between the length of carbon chain and boiling point of the compound
As molecular mass increase,
The strength of the IMFs increases,
The amount of energy needed to separate molecules increases
So boiling point is higher
Vapour pressure
The pressure exerted by the evaporated liquid in a closed container.
Why are volatile organic compounds a safety hazard?
If compound is flammable and volatile then more molecules are in gas phases and mixed with oxygen in the air and so can ignite/burn/explode.
Equation for the combustion of alkanes
use of alkanes as fuels
Alkane + excess oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
OR
if not enough oxygen is present, incomplete combustion can occur, resulting in formation of CO
Acid catalyst
The presence of an acid is used to speed up the reaction
Condensation reaction
One of the products is water
